Bio Exam One

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Which components form the structure of the plasma membrane?

A double layer of protiens

How does the diameter of a prokaryotic cell compare with the diameter of a eukaryotic cell?

A prokaryote has one-tenth the diameter of a eukaryote.

Which monomer units combine to form proteins?

Amino acids

Which vitamin is water soluble and cannot be synthesized by the body?

B

Which example is an element?

Calcium

Use the figure to answer the following question. Which substance uses a transport protein to pass through a plasma membrane?

Calcium ions

What molecule is composed of one or more sugars?

Carbohydrate

Which group of nutrients includes milk sugar (lactose)?

Carbohydrates

Which element is the basis for the macromolecules found in living things?

Carbon

Which feature is found in prokaryotic cells?

Cell wall

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplast

Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What protein fibers help form the framework of structural support for cells?

Cytoskeletal elements

Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

DNA

During diffusion, how do the solute molecules move?

Down a concentration gradient of solvent molecules

Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum

How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a plasma membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

Why is fiber important for a healthy diet?

Fiber helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels.

Which food would contain all essential amino acids?

Fish

What is the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?

Homeostasis

What type of chemical bond connects the complementary strands of a DNA molecule to each other?

Hydrogen bonds

What characteristic applies to the interior of a phospholipid bilayer?

Hydrophobic

Sodium chloride is composed of molecules that are stable when dry. In water, the atoms of the molecules separate from each other. What type of chemical bond holds the dry substance together?

Ionic bonds

Why is carbon often involved in chemical bonding?

It can form bonds with 4 other elements

Why is oxygen considered highly electronegative?

It pulls electrons toward itself.

Imagine a newly discovered biological molecule that is mostly hydrophobic in its structure. How would this new molecule be classified?

Lipid

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade macromolecules?

Lysosome

What are nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities?

Macronutrients

Which feature is present in all known living things?

Metabolic reactions

Why are minerals necessary micronutrients?

Minerals cannot be made by the body

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion

Which problem might result from decreases in a body's normal water level?

Muscle cramps

Which macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?

Nucleic acid

In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?

Nucleolus

Which monomer units combine to form nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What atoms may form a hydrogen bond?

One hydrogen atom and one partially negative atom

How are large substances moved during exocytosis?

Out of the cell

Which process involves the movement of molecules or atoms down a concentration gradient across plasma membranes?

Passive transport

What kind of molecule forms the bilayer found in cellular membranes?

Phospholipid

Some antibiotics disrupt bacterial phospholipids. Which cell component would be affected by such antibiotics?

Plasma membrane

Which chemical condition describes the electrons in a water molecule being shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Polar

Which substance is a micronutrient?

Potassium

What type of molecules, embedded in phospholipid bilayers, transport hydrophilic molecules into or out of the cell?

Protiens

What does "hydrophobic" mean?

Repelled by water

Which monomer units combine to form polysaccharides?

Sugars

How would the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes be described?

The bilayer is always permeable to charged atoms and molecules.

Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sugar molecules. How would the concentration of sugar inside the balloon be affected if the balloon is filled with a 50% sugar solution and then placed in a beaker of water?

The concentration will decrease

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What happens when the concentration of a solute is equal on both sides of a plasma membrane?

The particles will begin to move against the concentration gradient.

What is a function of antioxidants?

To decrease damage done to cells by free radicals


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