Bio exam one
What is the maximum number of atoms or molecules a single carbon atom can bond with?
4
Describe the type (properties) of amino acids you would expect to find on the surface of proteins that must interact closely with water, and justify your reasoning.
An Amino acid found located on the surface side of the protien are polar and therefore interact with water to make proteins soluble.
What are some differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.
A change in DNA on a chromosome affects all proteins made from that gene for the life of the cell. A change in the RNA involved in protein production is short lived. What is the difference between the effects of the changes in the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA is the genetic material that is passed from parent cells to daughter cells and to future generations.
Describe THREE properties of water.
First, water has a high heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding. Second, water is polar which results in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Third, water is a solvent which means it allows other readily charged polar molecules to dissolve.
1. Which type of bond exemplifies a weak chemical bond?
Hydrogen bond
Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water?
Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule.
Why can some insects walk on water?
Insects can walk on water because of its high surface tension.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?
It forms hydrogen bonds.
Directions: Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read the question completely before you begin.
Lipids form the phospholipid bilayer which can repell water - because the tails are hydrophobic - to maintain homeostasis, by maintaining the temprature. The Hydrophobic tails within the phospholipid bilayer repel water, and therefore and can be utilized to maintain homeostasis, which is vital for living things, because it maintains the ideal conditions.
Why do hydrogen and oxygen form polar covalent bonds within water molecules?
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, generating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atoms.
The word hydrolysis is defined as the lysis of water. How does this apply to polymers?
Polymers are separated into monomers producing energy and water molecules.
Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated triglycerides.
Saturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are solids at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are liquids at room temperature.
The a-helix and the B-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?
The secondary structure
The fatty acids of triglycerides are classified as saturated, unsaturated, or trans fats. What is it about the structure of these compounds that gives them their physical characteristics?
Unsaturated fats and trans fats have some double bonded carbon atoms, while saturated fats do not.
Complex polymers are built from combinations of smaller monomers. What type of reaction is shown, and what is a product of the following reaction? Assume water is also produced.
a dehydration reaction producing sucrose and water
Where is the linkage made that combines two amino acids?
between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other
A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of:
carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other
Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
cellulose
What type of bond is involved in joining two carbohydrate molecules together?
glycosidic bond
Where is the largest amount of DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
in the nucleus
Why can water be a good insulator within the body of endothermic (warm-blooded) animals?
specific heat capacity
Define water's property of adhesion.
the attraction between water molecules and other molecules.