bio exam3

the presence of a prehensile tail

one characteristics of New World monkeys that separates them form Old World monkeys is a. the presence of a prehensile tail b. their quadrupedal locomotion c. their fully opposable thumb d. the downward orientation of their nostrils e. all of these

4.6

The approximate age of the earth is a. 100,000 years b. 1.2 billion years c. 4.6 billion years d. 10.5 billion years e. 13.6 billion years

3.5

There is evidence that life existed about a. 3.5 billion years ago b. 2 billion years ago c. 1.3 billion years ago d. 630 million years ago e. 250 million years ago

DNA and RNA

macromolecules that are capable of self-replication are a. proteins b. polysaccharides c. steriods d. DNA and RNA E. triglycerides

make cave paintings, engravings, and sculptures

neandertals did not a. bury their dead b. hunt large animals c. make cave paintings, engravings, and sculptures d. care for the aged and the sick e. have religious rituals

the presence of a prehensile tail

one characteristic of New World monkesy that separates them fromOld World monkeys is a. the presence of a prehensile tail b. their quadrupedal locomotion c. their fully opposable thumb d. the downward orientation of their nostrils e. all of these

exaptations

one exaplantaion for the evolution of insect wings suggests that wings began a lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for thermoregulation. when they had become sufficiently large, these extensions became useful for gliding through the air, and selection later defined them as flight-producing wings. if this hypothesis is correct, modern insect wings could best be described as a. adaptations b. mutations c. exaptations d. isolating mechanisms e. examples of natural selection's predictive ability

cells and simple organims

precambrian rocks contain fossils of a. only single celled organisms b. great forests of flowering plants c. the first insects d. cells and simple organisms e. primitive fish

mesozoic era

reptiles dominated the a. proterozoic era b. paleozoic era c. mesozoic era d. cenozoic era e. triassic era

denovian period

the "age of fishes" is an informal name for the a. ordovician period b. silurian period c. devoniana period d. Permian period e. carboniferous period

mammals

the cenozoic is often called the age of the a. insects b. mammals c. flowering plants d. birds e. all of these

all of these

the earliest birds a. appeared during the late Jurassic period b. had teeth and long tails c. probably glided form trees d. had feathers e. all of these

3.1 - 3.5 billion years ago

the earliest photosynthetic organisms arose about a. 3.8-4.6 billion years ago b. 3.1-3.5 billion years ago c. 1.3 billion years ago d. 630 million years ago e. 250 million years ago

arthropods

the first land animals were probably the a. arthropods b. amphibians c. reptiles d. mammals e. dinosaurs

stromatolites

Cyanobacteria can be found in columns of fossils referred to as: a. Protobionts b. Anaerobes c. stromatolites d. microspheres e. ribozymes

chimpanzees

DNA sequence analyses indicate that the nearest living relatives to humans are a. chimpanzees b. gibbons c. gorillas d. lemurs e. orangutans

RNA molecule can catalyze a variety of biologically important reactions

It has been suggested that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve because a. RNA molecules are more central to modern inheritance than DNA b. RNA molecules can catalyze variety of biologically important reactions c. RNA molecules degrade more slowly in solution than DNA molecules d. RNA molecules were the first molecules synthesized by Miller and Urey e. None of the above

eon

among the following, which is the longest unit of geological time (i.e., the most inclusive)? a. century b. era c. eon d. period e. millennium

fishes

amphibians evolved directly from what ancestral organisms a. reptiles b. shelled invertebrates c. fishes d. soft-bodied animals c. marine invertebrates

cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize)

an early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to a. generate intense lighting storms d. change the atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing c. make it easier to maintain reduced molecules d. cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize) e. prevent the formation of an ozone layer

paedomorphosis

bagworm moth caterpillars feed on evergreens and carry a silken case or bag around with them in whcih they eventually pupate. Adult female bagworm moths are larval in appearance; they lack the wings and other structures of the adult male and instead retain the appearance of a caterpillar even though they are sexually mature and can lay eggs within the bag. This is a good example of a. allometric growth b. paedomorphosis c. sympatric speciation d. adaptive radiation e. changes in homeotic genes

6 million years ago

chimpanzee and hominid lines diverged about a. 55 million years ago b. 45 million years ago c. 26 million years ago d. 12.2 million years ago c. 6 million years ago

their feathers originally served as insulation, and only later became flight surfaces

fossil evidence indicates that several kinds of flightless dinosaurs possessed feathers. if some of these feather-bearing dinosaurs incubated clutches of eggs in carefully constructed nests, this might be evidence supporting the claim that a. dinosaurs were as fully endothermal (warm-blooded) as modern birds and mammals b. their feathers originally served as insulation, and only later became flight surfaces c. the earliest reeptiles could fly, and the feathers of flightless dinosaurs were vestigial flight surfaces d. the feathers were plucked form the bodies of other adults to provide nest-building materials e. all fossils with feathers are actually some kind of bird

carboniferous period

great swamp forests covered the globe and formed the major coal deposits during the a. Jurassic period b. Eocene epoch c. Carboniferous period d. Precambrian e. Ordovician period

volcanic activity, lightning, and ultraviolet radiation.

high energy sources on early earth, which were most likely involved in the origin of life, included: a. volcanic activity, lighting, and ultraviolet radiation b. bombardment from meteorites, gamma radiation, and cosmic radiation. c. intense radiation, volcanic activity, anredox energy. d. oxidizing environment, electrical discharge, and geothermal energy e. infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and oxidizing radiation.

consciously design tools

hom habilis may have been the first hominid to a. bury its dead b. use pictorial symbolism d. use fire for cooking and heating e. consciously design tools

oxygen gas

in the process of splitting water during photosynthesis, the first cyanobacteria released a. hydrogen gas b. oxygen gas c. photons of light d. heat from longer wavelengths of light e. electrons, protons, and neutrons

resulted in the extinction of more than 95% of all existing species severely affecting marine organisms

the greatest mass extinction of all time, which occurred at the end of the Permian period a. affected plants living on land more than any other group b. was spread out over several million years c. resulted in the extinction of more than 95% of all existing species severely affecting marine organisms d. Only impacted a few geographic regions, although the impact in these regions was staggering e. did not affect terrestrial species

synthesized organic molecules from inorganic materials

the most significat out come of the miller and urey experiment was that they a. were the first to synthesize living cells. b. demonstrated natural selection c. proved that the iron-sulfur world hypothesis was false d. proved that life did not originate on Earth e. synthesized organic molecule from inorganic materials

had pelvic bones similar to birds

the ornithischian dinosaurs a. were carnivorous b. had pelvic bones similar to birds c. died out during the jurassic period d. were the ancestors of the crocodiles and snakes of today e. were usually small dinosaurs

australopithecus afarensis

the skeleton nicknamed Lucy is a. homa habilis b. Australopithecus afarensis c. Australopithecus africanus d. ardipithecus ramidus e. homo erectus

monkeys, apes, and humans

the suborder anthropoidea includes a. monkeys, apes, and humans b. humans only c. apes and monkeys only d. lemurs, galapos, and lorises e. monkeys and lemurs

monkeys, apes, and humans

the suboreder Anthropoidea includes a. monkeys, apes, and humans b. humans only c. apes and monkeys only d. lemurs, galagos, and lorises e. monkeys and lemurs

Cambrian period

the time in the history of Earth when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale, is the a. Cambrian period b. Ordovician period c. Silurian period d. Devonian period e. Carboniferous period

an opposable thumb

what major feature allows primates to grasp objects a. jointed appendages b. an opposable thumb c. and enlarged foramen magnum d. a forelimb with four digits e. a large brain

cambrian explosion

which event is directly following the period known as snowball earth a. oxygenation of earth's seas and atmosphere b. evolution of mitochondria c. cambrian explosion d. evolution of true multicellularity e. permian extinction

birds

which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs a. lizards b. crocodiles c. snakes d. birds e. tuataras

oxygen

which of the following gases was not present in the earth's early atmosphere but appeared after the evolution of certain organisms? a. Hydrogen b. Methane c. Nitrogen d. Oxygen e. Carbon Dioxide

claws at the tips of digits

which of the following is not characteristic of primates a. stereoscopic vision b. grasping hands c. large brain size d. freely rotating limbs e. claws at the tips of digits

primates

which of the following is the most inclusive most general group, all of whose members have fully opposable thumbs a. apes b. homo c. anthropoids d. hominins e. primates

fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were living on trees and were catsized

which of the following statements about human evolution is correct? a. modern humans are the only human species to have evolved on Earth b. human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees c. human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage d. the upright posture and elarged brain of humans evolved simultaneously with an opposable thumb e. fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were living on trees and were catasized

both H. sapiens and H. erectus

which of these species had members who moved out of Africa a. h.erectus b. h. ergaster c. h habilis d. h. sapiens e. both h. sapiens and h. erectus

h.sapiens

which of these species is currently thought to have coexisted at the same time and places with H. neanderthalensis ? a. H. erectus b. H. ergaster c. H. habilis d. H. sapiens

examine the teeth

which of these would a paleontologist be mos likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal? a. look for the presence of milk producing glands b. look for the mamalian characteristics of a four chambered hear and a diaphragm c. because mammal are eutherians, look for evidence of a placenta d. use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin e. examine the teeht

cro-magnons

while looking for evidence of early human or humanlike individuals, you discover a cave in which there are paintings, engravings, and sculptures. which of the following most likely lived in the cave at some time during their life? a. australopithecus aficanus b. neandertals c. homo erectus d. cro-magnons e. homo habilis

phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles

why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopetryc significant? it supports the a. phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles b. contention that birds are much older than we originally thought c claim that some dinosaurs had feathers well before birds had evolved d. idea that the first birds were ratites e. hypothesis that the earliest birds were ectothermic

humans and apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor

with which of the following statements would a biologist be most inclined to agree? a. humans and apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor b. humans evolved directly from old world monkeys c. humans represent the pinnacle of evolution and have escaped from being affected by natural selection d. humans evolved from chimpanzees e. humans and apes are the result of disruptive selection in a species of chimpanzee

the skull belonged to a bipedal primate

you are studying a fossilized primate skull and notice that the foramen magnum is located at the center of the base of the skull. you conclude that a. the skull belonged to a knuckle walker b. the skill belonged to a quadruped c. the skull belonged to a bipedal primate d. the skull belonged to a brachiator e. none of these