Bio for Nursing Students Final Exam (UTA)
Milk of magnesia is often used to treat stomach upset. It has a pH of 10. Based on this information, milk of magnesia: A) is a base. B) is hydrophobic. C) is an acid. D) has the same pH as stomach acid.
A) is a base.
Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is A) 100 times more acidic. B) 10 times more acidic. C) neutral. D) 10 times more basic. E) 100 times more basic.
A) 100 times more acidic.
What is meant by the statement that water has a high specific heat? A) It can absorb a lot of energy without changing temperature. B) It grows hot very quickly. C) The boiling point of water is very low. D) Water can heat up to only a certain temperature. E) Water freezes easily.
A) It can absorb a lot of energy without changing temperature.
For an atom to achieve maximum stability and become chemically inert, what must occur? A) Its outermost energy shell must be filled with electrons. B) The number of electrons must equal the number of protons. C) Electron pairs are shared. D) Ionization occurs.
A) Its outermost energy shell must be filled with electrons.
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be A) unsaturated. B) saturated. C) completely hydrogenated. D) triglycerides. E) monoglycerides.
A) unsaturated.
Which one of the following is an amino group? A) -OH B) -NH2 C) -COOH D) -CO E) -CH3
B) -NH2
What happens when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to pure water? A) The HCl molecules separate into H+ and Cl- ions. B) The water has a decrease of H+ ions. C) The HCl molecules float on top of the water. D) The concentration of OH- ions increases. E) The pH of the solution increases.
A) The HCl molecules separate into H+ and Cl- ions.
Which one of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A) amino acids B) fats C) sugars D) ATP E) vinegar
A) amino acids
DNA differs from RNA because DNA A) contains thymine in place of uracil. B) consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand. C) contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. D) contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. E) All of the choices are correct.
A) contains thymine in place of uracil.
Polar covalent bonds form when: A) electrons are shared unequally between atoms. B) more than one pair of electrons is shared. C) ions are formed. D) an acid and a base are combined. E) atoms from two molecules are attracted to each other.
A) electrons are shared unequally between atoms.
A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n): A) element. B) molecule. C) ion. D) compound. E) mixture.
A) element.
If digestion is ________, then synthesis is ________. A) hydrolysis; dehydration B) dehydration; hydrolysis C) organic; inorganic D) inorganic; organic
A) hydrolysis; dehydration
In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is: A) hydrophobic. B) hydrophilic. C) charged. D) polar. E) filled with water.
A) hydrophobic.
A scientific theory: A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena. B) is an educated guess. C) is less reliable than a hypothesis. D) will never be changed.
A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena.
Enzymes are ________ that orchestrate chemical reactions within the body. A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) nucleic acids
A) proteins
The role of a control in an experiment is to A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group. B) prove that a hypothesis is correct. C) ensure repeatability. D) prove that a hypothesis is correct and ensure repeatability. E) None of the choices are correct.
A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
If you place a feather on the surface of a bowl of water, the feather remains suspended on the surface due to the: A) surface tension of the water. B) fact that water is a good solvent. C) polarity of the water. D) density of the water.
A) surface tension of the water.
A hypothesis is A) the same as a theory. B) a tentative answer to some question. C) an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence. D) a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon. E) a widely accepted theory that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
A) the same as a theory. or B) a tentative answer to some question.
Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have A) the same molecular formula but different chemical properties. B) different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties. C) the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties. D) the same number of carbon atoms but different numbers of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. E) the same molecular formula, but propanol is the liquid form of the compound and isopropanol is the gaseous form.
A) the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.
A disaccharide forms when A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis. B) two starches join by dehydration synthesis. C) two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. D) two starches join by hydrolysis. E) a starch and a monosaccharide join by dehydration synthesis.
A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
A single covalent chemical bond represents the sharing of how many electrons? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6
B) 2
When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains __________ electrons. A) 2 . . . 2 B) 2 . . . 8 C) 4 . . . 8 D) 8 . . . 2 E) 8 . . . 8
B) 2 . . . 8
Organisms contain thousands of different proteins composed of ________ different amino acids. A) 4 B) 20 C) 100 D) 1,000 E) more than 5,000
B) 20
We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? A) I'm going to be late. B) I'm out of gas. C) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. D) I should change the battery or the starter. E) I should add a quart of oil.
B) I'm out of gas.
Lard is a solid fat at room temperature. What does this tell you about the triglycerides in lard? A) The fats in lard are not organic molecules. B) Lard is composed of saturated fats. C) The fats in lard are mostly phospholipids. D) Lard is composed of unsaturated fats.
B) Lard is composed of saturated fats.
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, so what is the distribution of its electrons? A) The first energy level has eight and the second has seven. B) The first energy level has two, the second has eight, and the third has five. C) The first energy level has two and the second has 13. D) The first, second, and third energy levels have five electrons each. E) The electron arrangement cannot be determined from the atomic number alone.
B) The first energy level has two, the second has eight, and the third has five.
You now know that the old cliche "oil and water don't mix" is true. Why? A) Oil exhibits polarity and water does not. B) Water exhibits polarity and oil does not. C) Oil is hydrophilic. D) Water is hydrophobic. E) Oil is an organic compound and water is not.
B) Water exhibits polarity and oil does not.
Glucose molecules are to starch as __________ are to proteins. A) oils B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) waxes E) lards
B) amino acids
The human body must maintain a constant pH. In the blood, bicarbonate serves as a(n) ________ to help maintain the necessary pH. A) acid B) buffer C) base D) solvent
B) buffer
A mutation is a: A) physical deformity. B) change in the DNA sequence. C) dose of radiation. D) defective egg or sperm cell.
B) change in the DNA sequence.
Covalent bonds joining two nucleotides within a single strand of DNA form between: A) a phosphate group and adenine. B) deoxyribose and a phosphate group. C) adenine and thymine. D) the phosphate groups of both. E) ribose and a base.
B) deoxyribose and a phosphate group.
The part of the atom that has the greatest biological interest and influence (determines its reactivity) is the: A) proton. B) electron. C) neutron. D) innermost electron shell.
B) electron.
The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely: A) forms an ionic bond. B) forms four covalent bonds. C) forms two covalent bonds. D) donates two electrons to another atom.
B) forms four covalent bonds.
The formation of ions involves the: A) sharing of electrons. B) gain or loss of electrons. C) gain or loss of protons. D) sharing of protons. E) gain or loss of neutrons.
B) gain or loss of electrons.
Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that A) has a nucleus. B) has a membrane. C) makes up most of the tissues of your body. D) is much larger than most cells in your body. E) does not use DNA to code genetic information.
B) has a membrane.
A denatured protein differs from a normal protein because it: A) does not contain amino acids. B) has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures. C) is composed of nucleotides. D) contains many disulfide bonds.
B) has lost its usual secondary and tertiary structures.
Polar molecules: A) have an overall negative electric charge. B) have an equal distribution of electric charge. C) have an overall positive electric charge. D) have an unequal distribution of electric charge. E) are always ions.
B) have an equal distribution of electric charge.
The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by A) condensation. B) hydrolysis. C) polymerization. D) the addition of an amino group. E) the addition of a phosphate group.
B) hydrolysis.
If a certain atom has a tendency to lose two electrons, this lends itself to the formation of a(n): A) polar molecule. B) ion. C) water molecule. D) isotope.
B) ion.
DNA carries genetic information in its: A) helical form. B) sequence of bases. C) tertiary structure. D) phosphate groups. E) sugar groups.
B) sequence of bases.
Genetic information is encoded in the A) quaternary structure of a protein. B) sequence of nucleotides in DNA. C) degree of saturation of fatty acids. D) length of glycogen. E) linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
B) sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of: A) nitrogenous bases. B) sugar and phosphate groups. C) ATP molecules. D) NAD+ and FAD. E) amino acids.
B) sugar and phosphate groups.
The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is A) wind. B) sunlight. C) electricity. D) geothermal vents. E) radioactivity.
B) sunlight.
The primary structure of a protein is A) an α helix or a pleated sheet. B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. C) composed of two or more polypeptide chains. D) maintained by hydrogen bonds. E) irregular folding.
B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.
Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding? A) the bond between O and H in a single molecule of water B) the bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule C) the bond between O of one water molecule and O of a second water molecule D) the bond between H of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule E) the bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule
B) the bond between O of one water molecule and H of a second water molecule
Proteins differ from one another because A) the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein. B) the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein. C) each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules. D) the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule. E) the number of nitrogen atoms in each amino acid varies.
B) the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.
Which one of the following is not the proper pairing of a polymer and its monomer? A) polysaccharide and monosaccharide B) triglyceride and steroid C) nucleic acid and nucleotide D) protein and amino acid E) All of the pairs properly reflect a polymer and its corresponding monomer.
B) triglyceride and steroid
Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the Domain A) Bacteria. B) Plantae. C) Eukarya. D) Archaea. E) Fungi.
C) Eukarya.
Which of the following represents a molecule characterized by polar covalent bonding? A) NaCl B) H2 C) H2O D) CC E) CH4
C) H2O
What does H-O-H represent? A) an atom of water B) a mixture including water C) a molecule of water D) ionic bonding of water
C) a molecule of water
The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called: A) molecules. B) cells. C) atoms. D) tissues. E) organic molecules.
C) atoms.
Which one of the following substances is not a lipid? A) wax B) cholesterol C) cellulose D) steroids E) fat
C) cellulose
Which one of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? A) sucrose, starch, and cellulose B) starch, amino acids, and glycogen C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen D) nucleotides, glycogen, and cellulose E) fructose, cellulose, and glucose
C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen
A neutral solution: A) has no H+. B) has no OH- . C) has equal amounts of H+ and OH- . D) is hydrophobic. E) has a pH of 0.
C) has equal amounts of H+ and OH- .
Phospholipids are unusual yet important to cell membrane structure because they: A) are part of DNA. B) contain nucleic acids. C) have a polar end and a nonpolar end. D) are found only in animals. E) are an important energy carrier molecule.
C) have a polar end and a nonpolar end.
What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits? A) condensation B) oxidation C) hydrolysis D) ionization
C) hydrolysis
Which of the following is the most dense? A) liquid water B) water vapor C) ice
C) ice
Which of the following results from a transfer of electron(s) between atoms? A) nonpolar covalent bond B) polar covalent bond C) ionic bond D) hydrogen bond E) electron-proton interaction
C) ionic bond
The oxygen atom of a water molecule A) is more positively charged than the hydrogen atoms. B) attracts electrons less strongly than the hydrogen atoms. C) is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. D) is electrically neutral. E) is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules.
C) is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.
A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell: A) possesses membrane-bound organelles. B) lacks DNA. C) lacks a nucleus. D) is considerably larger. E) is structurally more complex.
C) lacks a nucleus.
Cellulose differs from starch in that A) the monomers of cellulose are held together by covalent bonds, whereas the monomers of starch are held together by hydrogen bonds. B) glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. C) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. D) starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers. E) All of the choices are correct.
C) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
In salad dressings, oil quickly separates from vinegar because oils are A) heavier than water. B) polar. C) non polar. D) hydrophilic. E) amphiphilic.
C) non polar.
In general, a substance that carries an electric charge can dissolve in water. Given this fact, which of the following would most likely NOT dissolve in water? A) ionic compounds B) polar covalent molecules C) nonpolar molecules D) NaCl
C) nonpolar molecules
A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is A) cellulose. B) triglycerides. C) phospholipids. D) glycerol. E) waxes.
C) phospholipids.
The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by __________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by __________ bonds. A) hydrogen . . . ionic B) hydrogen . . . polar covalent C) polar covalent . . . hydrogen D) ionic . . . covalent E) polar covalent . . . ionic
C) polar covalent . . . hydrogen
The group of biological molecules that are most diverse in function is: A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) proteins. D) nucleic acids.
C) proteins.
Which of the following provides long-term energy storage for plants? A) glucose B) glycogen C) starch D) cellulose E) ATP
C) starch
Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing: A) carbon. B) covalent bonds. C) water. D) oxygen. E) peptides.
C) water.
The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 PROTONS, and 12 NEUTRONS. What is the mass number of sodium? A) 0 B) 11 C) 22 D) 23 E) 34
D) 23
A buffer A) is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body. B) is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body. C) donates OH- ions when conditions become too acidic and accepts OH- ions when conditions become too basic. D) Donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic
D) Donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic
Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) Living things are made of cells. C) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.
D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.
Which of the following BEST explains why a particular atom may not form compounds readily? A) The atom has no electrons. B) The atom has an uneven number of protons. C) The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell. D) The atom's outer energy shells are completely full.
D) The atom's outer energy shells are completely full.
A water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by A) an ionic bond. B) a single covalent bond C) a double covalent bond. D) a polar covalent bond. E) hydrogen bonds.
D) a polar covalent bond.
The hydrogen bond between two water molecules forms because water is: A) polar. B) nonpolar. C) a liquid. D) a small molecule. E) hydrophobic.
D) a small molecule.
Water moves through a plant because of the property of: A) high heat of fusion. B) high heat of vaporization. C) high specific heat. D) cohesion.
D) cohesion.
The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is: A) how they reproduce. B) how they respond to stimuli. C) their ability to move. D) how they obtain energy.
D) how they obtain energy.
Which of the following best explains the attraction of water molecules to each other? A) nonpolar covalent bond B) polar covalent bond C) ionic bond D) hydrogen bond E) electronproton interaction
D) hydrogen bond
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity? A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem E) ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community
D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
The atomic number of an atom is defined as the: A) number of electrons in the outermost energy level. B) total number of energy shells. C) arrangement of neutrons in the atomic nucleus. D) number of protons in the atomic nucleus. E) total number of electrons and neutrons.
D) number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
An atom's nucleus is composed of: A) protons only. B) neutrons only. C) protons and electrons. D) protons and neutrons. E) neutrons and electrons.
D) protons and neutrons.
A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the __________ level of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) infinite
D) quaternary
Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity? A) Cells respond to the environment. B) Cells develop and maintain complex organization. C) Cells take in and use energy. D) Cells regulate their internal environment. E) All of the choices are common cellular activities.
E) All of the choices are common cellular activities.
Which of the following is/are properties of life? A) a complex organization B) the ability to take in energy and use it C) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment D) the ability to reproduce E) All of the choices are correct
E) All of the choices are correct
Carbon is able to form an immense diversity of organic molecules because of carbon's A) tendency to form covalent bonds. B) ability to bond with up to four other atoms. C) capacity to form single and double bonds. D) ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Evolution by natural selection relies upon A) heritable variation. B) overproduction of offspring. C) a struggle for existence. D) individual variation. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Nucleotides A) contain nitrogenous bases. B) contain sugar molecules. C) contain phosphate groups. D) can be linked together to form nucleic acids. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following statements is/are true about dehydration synthesis? A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. B) Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers. C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. D) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following factors can result in the denaturation of a protein? A) heat B) changes in pH C) chemicals that destroy hydrogen bonds D) changes in salt concentration E) All of the choices can result in the denaturation of a protein.
E) All of the choices can result in the denaturation of a protein.
Which one of the following is not a type of protein? A) contractile proteins B) antibodies C) enzymes D) signal proteins E) All of these are types of proteins.
E) All of these are types of proteins.
Which group has prokaryotic individuals? A) Protist Kingdoms B) Kingdom Fungi C) Kingdom Plantae D) Kingdom Animalia E) Domain Archaea
E) Domain Archaea
If you examined the human body, which of the following combinations of elements would be most common? A) C, O, P, S B) C, Na, O, N C) Cl, Ca, C, H D) C, S, Ca, N E) O, N, H, C
E) O, N, H, C
The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules is critical to A) evaporative cooling of skin surfaces. B) the movement of water from the roots of a tree to its leaves. C) the milder temperatures of coastal regions compared to inland areas. D) the ability of certain insects to walk on the surface of water. E) all of these factors.
E) all of these factors.
Which one of the following statements is false? Enzymes A) increase the rate of chemical reactions. B) function as chemical catalysts. C) regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. D) are produced by cells. E) are monomers used to build proteins.
E) are monomers used to build proteins.
All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT: A) environmental change. B) variation in traits within a population. C) mutations. D) inheritance of traits. E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.
E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.
Most biological molecules are joined by: A) peptide bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) hydrogen bonds. D) disulfide bonds. E) covalent bonds.
E) covalent bonds.
Bases A) donate H+ ions to solutions. B) accept H+ ions from solutions. C) donate OH- ions to solutions. D) accept OH- ions from solutions. E) either accept H+ ions from solutions or donate OH- ions to solutions.
E) either accept H+ ions from solutions or donate OH- ions to solutions.
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could A) be positively charged. B) be negatively charged. C) have more than seven electrons and more than seven protons. D) have more than seven protons. E) have more than seven neutrons.
E) have more than seven neutrons.
Chromosomes are made of: A) cells. B) proteins. ** C) organelles. D) deoxyribonucleic acid. ** E) more than one of the above
E) more than one of the above
A phospholipid is composed of A) one glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids. B) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. C) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. D) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. E) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
E) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be A) phrased as a question. B) based on faith. C) testable. D) falsifiable. E) testable and falsifiable.
E) testable and falsifiable.