BIO HW #1

Why are children more likely to pick up germs in public places?

Children tend to be more tactile( touchy ), and may not wash their hands as often as they should.

Which of the following would be the best experimental design for a study looking at the effect of hand-washing on the incidence of acquiring an infectious disease?

Choose a setting where a large number of people consistently spend time, such as an office building. Randomly assign everyone to one of two groups. Ask one group to wash their hands every hour, and ask the other group to avoid washing their hands except when truly necessary. Compare the incidence of infectious disease between the two groups over a period of months or years.

Which of the following is an example of an observational study?

Researchers ask people how long they normally sleep every night. Researchers then determine if fewer hours of sleep at night is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight.

Researchers want to learn which type of toy children prefer. To conduct their controlled experiment, they buy two different toys and place them in a room. The researchers then bring children into the room and measure how long they play with each toy. Which of the following is correct?

The independent variable is the type of toy, and the dependent variable is the length of play time.

Which setting has the shortest time span for air refreshment - in other words, which setting has the most frequent air exchange with fresh air?

airplane cabin

for a ______ participants will be assigned a shampoo to use but will not know if it is normal shampoo or the new shampoo.

blind experiment

for a______, the company's normal shampoo will be compared to the new shampoo by multiple participants, but all other conditions (i.e., water temperature, length of hair wash) will be kept the same between participants' hair washing.

controlled experiment

For a ______ , participants will be assigned a shampoo to use but will not know if it is normal shampoo or the new shampoo. Researchers who are later analyzing hair softness will not know which type of shampoo the participants used.

double-blind experiment

In an airplane, from whom are you most likely to acquire a cold or flu virus?

from a sick person sitting next to you

What is the major method of transmission of infectious disease when using public transportation?

touching surfaces that sick people have touched

Which of the following terms describes an aspect of a scientific experiment that changes?

variable

Clinical trials are controlled human experiments designed to determine if a medical intervention is effective or not. When researchers are designing the trial, several elements can help increase confidence in the answer. In a trial to determine if a new drug is effective, which of the following elements should be included for highest confidence in the results?

Do not tell participants or the researchers collecting data which group participants are in Give some participants the new drug and some participants a placebo drug

Which of the following would be the best experimental design for a study looking at the risk of getting an infectious disease from using public transportation?

Follow a very large set of people in order to reduce the effect of socioeconomic status. One group is comprised of people who frequently use public transportation, and the other group never uses public transportation. Compare the incidence of infectious disease between the two groups. Collect data without telling the participants too much about the study, so that they do not alter their normal behaviors.

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis-driven controlled experiment?

Testing a hypothesis using groups that differ only by the one variable under consideration

in the mock-up of an airplane cabin, there were heated yellow bags where people would normally sit. Why?

The bags are added to create an experimental model that would be most similar to an actual plane full of people.