Bio Lab Final Exam Review

identify an organism

A dichotomous key is used to _______.

Potentially harmful

All living lab specimens should be treated _________.

alleles

Alternate forms of the same gene are called

Recessive allele

An allele for a particular trait that is only expressed when present in two copies is called a(n)

The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length

How would the shape of the DNA molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?

family

Organisms that belong to the same ___ are most closely related.

Mendel's law of independent assortment is being violated.

A BbGg x bbgg cross yields a phenotypic ratio of approximately 5 black eyes, green skin : 5 orange eyes, white skin : 1 black eyes, white skin : 1 orange eyes, green skin. Black eyes are dominant to orange eyes, and green skin is dominant to white skin. Which of the following best explains these results?

Look for cell walls under a microscope.

A graduate student finds an organism in a pond and thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A professor thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus?

gene

A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is called a(n)

Same amounts of enzymes and different pH values.

Based on your procedure from the pH enzyme lab, how can you accurately measure how pH alone affects an enzymes ability to function?

Increasing or decreasing the pH above or below the optimum level will decreases the activity.

Changing the pH will have the following effect on a catalase- controlled reaction:

True

Dichotomous key consist of a series of paired choices, called couplets, that reflect physical characteristics of the organism.

1. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip. 2. Using a transfer pipette, obtain a drop of specimen and place onto the center of the slide. 3. Carefully place the cover slip over the drop of specimen. 4. Observe preparation under the 10x objective lens. 5. Observe preparation under the 40x objective lens.

Each of the following steps are necessary in preparing and observing a wet mount. Place the steps in the correct order.

9:1 5:5

Each set of numbers below indicated the average number of sowbug on each side of the experimental chamber in Lab 2. 9:1 5:5

forming mycorrhizal associations with plants and by decomposing organic matter

Fungi are found associated with the earliest plant fossils. Fungi may have helped plants become terrestrial by _____.

microevolution

Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is __________.

Bacteria can't survive in hypertonic because they lose water.

Green olives may be persevered in brine, which is a 20-30% salt solution. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria with a random mutation that allows resistance to that antibiotic are able to survive exposure and reproduce, passing the resistance mutation on to subsequent generations of bacteria.

How does an antibiotic act as a selective agent in promoting bacterial resistance?

Meanscratchy

If a housecat's scientific name were Meanscratchy domesticus; which genus does it belong to ?

True

If observations were repeated in the same habitats and plots in January, the diversity results would likely be different.

Overall diversity calculations may be changed. Some species might have been excluded from smaller plots that would have been included in larger plots. Rare plants were less likely to be included in smaller plots Common plants were likely to be excluded entirely

If some students within the same class used plots 3x3 meters as directed and others used 3x3 feet, how might that change the data and conclusions?

True

If sowbugs moved back and forth between the expiremental chamber compartments and but averaged 5 on either side consistently throughout the observational period, you would retain the null hypothesis.

Notify your lab instructor

If you break a slide, then you should _______.

Use the eyewash station located at the sink in the classroom to flush them well.

If you get a foreign substance into your eye or eyes on accident, then what should you do?

Pick a colony of bacteria from the streptomycin positive plate and grow it on a streptomycin positive plate.

If you wanted to grow up a large quantity of streptomycin resistant E. coli, what would you do next?

NnllddMM

In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest meat (M) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, meat-digesting giraffe have?

True

In my forest habitat there were mostly plants. In addition, I saw 2 ants, 1 spider, a butterfly, and a mushroom. This makes sense because plants are producers, and I would expect there to be fewer individuals of each higher trophic level.

Ss and ss

In pea plants, smooth (S) peas are dominant over wrinkled (s) peas in the single gene controlling pea texture. A plant with smooth peas is crossed with a plant with wrinkled peas. Of the progeny, 252 are smooth and 247 are wrinkled. What are the genotypes of the parent plants?

True

In the meadow habitat I found 104 individuals of 5 different species. In the forest habitat I found 87 individuals of 2 species. In this case, the meadow is more diverse.

False

In the meadow habitat I found 107 individuals of 10 different species. In the forest habitat I found 87 individuals fo 2 species. In this case, the forest has greater species richness.

False

It is standard practice to leave a clean, blank slide sitting on the lab table when not in use.

it's possible that none of their children will have the disease, but blood tests on them both will be needed to make sure

John and Jane are planning a family, but each has a brother who has sickle-cell disease, so they are concerned that their children may develop sickle-cell disease. Neither John, Jane, nor their respective parents have the disease. They consult a genetic counselor who tells them that __________.

3:1

Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the genotype Tt resulted in a tall to short ratio of

The difference in water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Osmosis is often viewed incorrectly as a process driven directly by differences in solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. What really drives osmosis?

True

Over the course of a year, natural selection simulations conducted in the same grassy plot area would be likely to have different results.

Leaves and green stems

Photosynthesis takes place in the plant's

scales; the amniotic egg

Recall that the cuticle seals plant surfaces and helps plants conserve water, and the seed helps derived plant groups to reproduce effectively on dry land. The analogous adaptations in reptiles are ________ (analogous to the cuticle) and ________ (analogous to the seed).

False

Separate species of anole lizard living in the same habitat always share the same type of dewlap.

No. Natural selection changes the traits of some organisms quite quickly, in ways that are clearly adaptive. Scientists have documented such changes in thousands of studies.

Sometimes critics charge that evolution is based on mere speculation because it cannot be directly observed or experimentally induced. Is this true of evolution by natural selection?

Species diversity

Species richness and relative abundance define the ______________ of a community.

false

Systematics is a field of study that seeks to determine how organisms within a given system interact with eachother and their environment.

In a test tube rack

The best way to carry multiple test tubes is __________.

evolution of the amniotic egg

The development that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the _____.

40x

The eyepiece of a compound light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a Paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would the total magnification of the microscope?

DNA replication

The first step of bacterial replication is ________.

Holds the specimen in place

The function of label 5

Change the contrast and amount of light in the image.

The function of label 7

Endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of __________.

Water and carbon dioxide

The reactants of photosynthesis are

serum antigens and specific antibodies.

The serum ELISA test is based on interaction between

antigen

The serum ELISA test is based upon immune mechanisms. Which of the following is a large molecule that evokes an immune response?

In populations where endemic malaria is present, heterozygotes have an important advantage: They are resistant to malaria and therefore are more likely to survive and produce offspring that carry the allele.

The sickle-cell allele produces a serious blood disease in homozygotes. Why doesn't natural selection eliminate this allele from all human populations?

True

The sowbug were clearly trying to get away from the cedar chips. They were clearly orienting themselves away from the cedar chips and moving toward the furthest part of the other chamber. This is an example of taxis.

Chloroplast

The specialized organelles that carry out photosynthesis are called

Phylogenetics

This field of study examines the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species.

False

Water placed in a beaker does not require a label.

Energy

What generally flows in one direction through an ecosystem, from producers up through each level of consumers, and is not recycled?

The amount of potassium hydroxide used The rate of cellular respiration The amount of time for the reaction to complete

What information did the movement of the bubble over a specified distance in the calibrated respirometer provide?

All given choice are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?

Late Anaphase or early Telophase

What stage of mitosis is labeled B?

substrate

What was the independent variable for the experiment in Lab 2?

Plants/autotrophs

While individual species richness and diversity varied, the majority of the surveyed biomass in both habitats was categorized as __________.

White light contains all visible wavelengths, not just one color.

What would you not use green light and white light if you wanted to determine the dependence of specific color wavelengths on the rate of photosynthesis?

The cell membrane shrank away from the cell wall because the solution was hypertonic

When Elodea leaves were placed in 10% NaCl, what was the result?

False

When examining tonicity in Elodea cells, it was important to view the cells immediately after creating your wet mount slide.

color changes in the sample wells compared to a known sample

When using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine relatedness of species, what parameter is used to determine results?

False

When you are extracting DNA one of the first steps is to dissolve the cell membranes with ice cold ethanol.

True

When you are extracting DNA one of the steps is to denature proteins with meat tenderizer.

False

When you are extracting DNA one of the steps is to denature proteins with soap.

Always start with 4x objective to center your specimen and work your way up, focusing each objective and moving on.

When you want to view a specimen with a compound light microscope using the 40x objective lens you should

kingdom

Which classification level is broader than the phylum level?

color markings on the bird's head

Which of the following characteristics would be most appropriate for use in developing a dichotomous classification key for birds?

Lactate is produced.

Which of the following does NOT occur during yeast fermentation?

Natural selection progressively refines organisms' adaptations, eventually leading to perfection.

Which of the following is a misconception regarding natural selection?

Helps to attract mates

Which of the following is a purpose of a dewlap in anole lizards:

Are wood frog tadpoles cuter than bullfrog tadpoles?

Which of the following is not a question that can be answered using the scientific method?

Homo erectus

Which of the following is the correct presentation of a species name?

its strands have a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Which of the following is true about double-stranded DNA?

Number of days until flowering in apple trees. Average height of four different tree species. Proportion of a raccoon's diet made up of different types of food. Average length of growing sowbug every day over a month. average mass of male versus female cardinals.

Which of the following represent categorial data?

Axis labels Units indicated for each axis Regularly marked axis intervals A figure caption describing what is depicted

Which of the following should be included with a graph/figure? (4)

Sickle-cell disease causes white blood cells to be sickle-shaped.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle-cell disease is false?

The morphological species concept relies upon comparing the DNA sequences of organisms.

Which of the following statements regarding the definition of species is false?

moist skin and soft, unprotected eggs laid in water

Which of the following traits tend(s) to tie amphibians to wet or moist habitats?

Lethal dominant alleles are harmful whether they are carried in homozygous or heterozygous form, so there is always strong selection against these alleles.

Why are lethal dominant alleles so much more rare than lethal recessive alleles?

Energy potential contained within primary consumers; energy potential contained within secondary consumers.

Within an ecosystem, the __________ is always greater than the __________.

Diet will have no effect on tadpole size

magine that you wish to compare a new diet of a meat-based fish food for tadpoles that are raised in the laboratory to the traditional laboratory diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the new diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the type of food the tadpoles receive.Which is a null hypothesis for this tadpole experiment?

Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and CO2 for their carbon source are called _____.

photoautotrophs