Bio- MEE Review

Food Web

Multiple food chains in an ecosystem

Energy Conversion

- A change from one form of energy to another - Type of energy DOES change - Ex. Producers photosynthesizing (Light to chemical)

If a primary consumer is gone, what happens?

- All plants the primary consumer eats will increase - Other primary consumers that eat those same plants will increase - Secondary consumers that eat those plants and animals will increase - Decomposers will have enough food and probably wouldn't change

Two Key Things to remember about the Nitrogen Cycle

- Ammonia - Lighting

Light Energy

- Converted to chemical energy (through Producers ONLY) - Starter of life

If decomposers are gone, what happens?

- Dead things don't go away - The dead stuff won't stink or bloat (because they don't rot b/c there are no decomposers) and stay forever - The carnivores would have a lot to eat, but eventually die off and don't decompose - Producers can't grow from dead stuff piling up and can't get minerals from decomposers - ALL LIFE WILL END

Carbon Cycle

- Decomposition - Combustion - Respiration - Photosynthesis **Think of Drippin' by NCT Dream

Why does a compost pile give off heat?

- From the energy released by breaking bonds - Decomposers are digesting away the dead organisms (CE) and heat energy is released as molecules are broken down into elements. Chemical --> Heat

Heat Energy

- HEAT DOES NOTHING - Warms Earth - NOT an energy source

Why does the the bottom of the pyramid bigger?

- More energy - More organisms - More biomass

Energy Transfer

- Movement of energy from one location to another - Type of energy doesn't change - Ex. Rabbit -> Dog (chemical to chemical)

If a producer is gone, what happens?

- Primary consumers die out - Secondary consumers only have the primary consumers left to eat, which will run out quick - Decomposers would die off as they have lost all of that plants and animals and have no food

What are the trophic levels?

- Producers (plants) - Primary Consumers (Herbivores) - Secondary Consumers (Omnivores) - Tertiary Consumers (Carnivores) - Decomposers (Bacteria + fungi)

Chemical Energy

- Transferred between trophic levels (as glucose/food) when an organism eats - Is converted from light energy by producers (plants)

Tertiary Consumers

- carnivores - food for decomposers (if dead) - eats secondary consumers

Primary Consumers

- herbivores - food for secondary consumers and decomposers (if dead) - eats producers

Secondary Consumers

- omnivores - eats producers and primary consumers - food for tertiary consumers and decomposers (if dead)

Food Chain

A series of animals and plants that describes the flow of energy and matter grass -> grasshopper -> frog -> snake **All die then decomposers decomposed

How much CHEMICAL energy is passed to the next trophic level

10% rest is converted into heat energy

How much HEAT energy is released from each trophic level

90% rest is transferred as chemical energy

ENERGY is in the...

BONDS

What conversion happens when a human eats?

Chemical Energy --> Heat Energy

What conversion is completed by decomposers

Chemical Energy --> Heat Energy

Animals (consumers)...

EAT to get energy + mass

MATTER is in the...

ELEMENTS

Energy ___ cycle, but matter ___.

Energy DOESN'T cycle, but matter DOES.

Human's source of energy

FOOD!!!

Energy is released as heat during transformation. Where did the heat come from and where does it go?

It comes from BREAKING the bonds! It goes into the ATMOSPHERE!

What conversion is completed in producers via photosynthesis

Light Energy --> Chemical Energy

How does matter and energy flow through an ecosystem?

Matter and energy both flow through ecosystems when an organism eats. The energy is released by breaking the bonds of the food, and matter is in the elements (CHOPNS). Matter and energy flow from plants, to consumers to decomposers, then back to plants again. **Matter is a cycle. Energy is a ONE-WAY PATH

Decomposers

Organisms that decompose dead organisms - Bottom of the pyramid - Makes elements for the producers

Plants (producers)

PHOTOSYNTHESIZE to get energy (from light energy)

Producers

Plants (Autotrophs and photosynthetic organisms) - Make glucose/chemical energy from light energy - Provides food for itself with photosynthesis (autotroph) - Eaten by primary and secondary consumers, and decomposers (if dead)