bio midterm 2 clicker Qs

c) G2 phase

A eukaryotic cell synthesizes the components required for mitosis during a) G1 phase b) S phase c) G2 phase d) M phase e) prophase

b) Segregation

A man with XY sex chromosomes has an essentially identical X chromosome shared with his daughter and an essentially identical Y chromosome shared with his son. Which process is responsible for this genetic relationship? a) Nondisjunction b) Segregation c) Independent Assortment d) Crossing over

c. a signal sequence.

A newly formed protein whose destination is the Golgi apparatus will likely contain a. a protein release factor. b. a polysome. c. a signal sequence. d. a spliceosome. e. directing factors.

a. protein; DNA

A transcription factor is a _______ that binds to _______. a. protein; DNA b. protein; RNA c. promoter; a protein d. gene; DNA e. gene; RNA

d. constitutive

Actin, a protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells, is expressed in most cell types at a fairly constant level. Thus, the gene that codes for actin can be considered a(n) _______ gene. a. inducible b. activated c. repressible d. constitutive e. transcription factor

a) Most cells are in G1 (G0)

Although cells in Interphase essentially all appear the same under the microscope, fluorescence from DNA binding dyes indicates the amount of DNA in a cell. The graph shows the numbers of cells in a sample based on the amount of DNA. Which is a true statement? a) Most cells are in G1 (G0) b) Most cells are in S c) Most cells are in G2 d) Most cells are in M e) The phase of the cell cycle is unclear for any of these cells.

e) A&B

Assuming that the double heterozygote (b+b vg+vg) used in the test cross was obtained by crossing two pure-breeding lines, what were the phenotypes of the lines? a) Wild type (Gray with normal wings) b) Black & vestigial wings c) Gray & vestigial wings d) Black & normal wings e) A&B f) C&D g) A&D

c) DNA

Cell division fundamentally concerns the replication and segregation of the ________ in a cell. a) Amino Acid b) Carbohydrate c) DNA d) Lipid e) Protein f) RNA

e) epistasis

Coat color in rabbits involves the effects of multiple gene interactions. If a rabbit has two recessive alleles (cc) for coat color, it is always albino no matter what the genotype of other genes (i.e., not different alleles of the "c") involved in coat color. This is an example of a) pleiotropy b) Incomplete dominance c) codominance d) a dominance hierarchy e) epistasis

e) Alignment of chromosomes at metaphase plate

Colchicine is a chemical that inhibits the polymerization of tubulin. If a cell culture is treated with colchicine, which of the following events of mitosis would be directly affected. a) Chromosome duplication b) Compaction of chromosomes c) Breakdown of nuclear envelope d) Cohesion of sister chromatids e) Alignment of chromosomes at metaphase plate

d. 5′-CGGAAT-3′

DNA polymerase would generate a complementary strand of _______ to the sequence 5′-ATTCCG-3′ during DNA replication. a. 5′-TAAGGC-3′ b. 5′-ATTCCG-3′ c. 5′-ACCTTA-3′ d. 5′-CGGAAT-3′ e. 5′-GCCTTA-3′

d) Both mitosis and meiosis I

DNA replication occurs during the interphase preceding which process(es)? a) Mitosis b) Meiosis I c) Meiosis II d) Both mitosis and meiosis I e) Mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II

c) Serine

Given the DNA sequence and direction that it is transcribed, what amino acid is encoded by this sequence in the mRNA reading frame? a) Asparagine b) Lysine c) Serine d) Arginine

c

Given the DNA, initiation site, and direction of transcription, which of the following is correct?

c) 50% Wild type (Gray with normal wings) 50% black & vestigial

Given the arrangement of alleles illustrated for a male D. melanogaster (b vg / B Vg), which do not have crossing over, what would be the phenotypes in progeny obtained from a cross to females homozygous for recessive alleles (bb vgvg)? a) 25% Wild type (Gray with normal wings) 25% black & vestigial 25% gray & vestigial 25% black & normal wings b) 41.5% Wild type (Gray with normal wings) 41.5% black & vestigial 8.5% gray & vestigial 8.5% black & normal wings c) 50% Wild type (Gray with normal wings) 50% black & vestigial

d) ~0.5

Given this genetic map, what is the expected recombination frequency between the aristaless antenna locus and the brown eyes locus? a) 0.0 b) 0.061 c) 0.185 d) ~0.5 e) 1.045

a) Homologous pairs of chromosomes are randomly divided into daughter cells during meiosis I but are both transmitted to daughter cells during mitosis.

How does meiosis I differ from mitosis? a) Homologous pairs of chromosomes are randomly divided into daughter cells during meiosis I but are both transmitted to daughter cells during mitosis. b) Chromosomes are not replicated at the beginning of meiosis I as they are at the beginning of mitosis. c) Four daughter cells result from meiosis I, whereas only two daughter cells result from mitosis. d) Centrosomes and mitotic spindles are not involved in chromosome movement during meiosis I as they are during mitosis.

b) DNA composition is 24% Guanine (G)

If the composition of DNA from an organism is 24% Adenine (A), which of the following is FALSE? a) DNA composition is 24% Thymine (T) b) DNA composition is 24% Guanine (G) c) DNA composition is 26% Cytosine (C) d) DNA composition is 50% Purines e) DNA composition is 50% Pyrimidines

a. methionine; start; proteolysis

In eukaryotes, the first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is always _______ because the only codon for this amino acid is also the _______ codon. This amino acid is not always the first amino acid in a processed protein because of _______. a. methionine; start; proteolysis b. methionine; stop; proteolysis c. alanine; start; glycosylation d. alanine; stop; proteolysis e. methionine; start; glycosylation

d

In the following model of a eukaryotic gene, illustrating the correspondence between the gene region of a chromosome and its processed mRNA, which region is the intron?

d) Lily

In which individual did the independent assortment occur that produced this observed difference between Erin and Ron on Chr. 11 & Chr. 13? a) Ron b) Margo c) Greg d) Lily e) Erin

f) Both A and B types

In which of the blood types is the presence/absence of the i allele not evident? a) O type blood b) A type blood c) B type blood d) AB type blood e) Both O and AB types f) Both A and B types

c) ebony is on an autosome and tan is on the X chromosome

Reciprocal crosses were performed between two lines, one mutant ebony (e) and the other mutant tan (t), of Drosophila melanogaster producing the results in the table. What conclusions can be made about the chromosomal positions of these loci? a) ebony and tan are both located on an autosome b) ebony and tan are both on the X chromosome c) ebony is on an autosome and tan is on the X chromosome d) ebony is on the X chromosome and tan is on an autosome

d) 8 (b/c 8 = 2^3)

Refer to the figure showing a diploid cell with two chromosomes and three genes (designated A, B and D). The cell is heterozygous for all three genes. How many different combinations ofthe A, B and D alleles are possible among the gametes that form during meiosis? (Assume that crossingover occurs between the A and D loci.) a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 e) 12

e. amino acid; inconsistent

Suppose you take glycine tRNA and modify it so that the glycine is changed to valine. You then find that the amino acid sequence in the generated proteins does not show the expected change. This result would suggest that the protein synthesis machinery recognizes the _______ and is _______ with what was actually found by researchers. a. amino acid; consistent b. tRNA; inconsistent c. mRNA; inconsistent d. tRNA; consistent e. amino acid; inconsistent

b) The cell would divide without RB control at the Restriction Point.

The RB gene is involved in retinoblastoma, a form of cancer. What would be the consequence of having only defective RB protein present in a cell? a) The cell would function normally. b) The cell would divide without RB control at the Restriction Point. c) The cell would remain in G1 at the Restriction Point. d) The cell would initiate apoptosis.

e) Meiosis I, Metaphase

The diagram illustrates a chromosomes in a cell undergoing a nuclear division. Which type of division at what stage is represented? a) Mitosis, Prophase b) Mitosis, Metaphase c) Mitosis, Anaphase d) Meiosis I, Prophase e) Meiosis I, Metaphase f) Meiosis II, Metaphase g) Meiosis II, Anaphase h) Meiosis II Telophase i) Gametes

b) Meiosis II

The illustrated aneuploid karyotype of a male Drosophila melanogaster was observed. In this case, the fly had two copies of the male-limited Y chromosome along with the X inherited from the mother (XYY). Did nondisjunction happen in meiosis I or meiosis II of the XY sire? a) Meiosis I b) Meiosis II c) Can't tell

c) Independent Assortment

The image shows a genome comparison between a Grandfather (Ron) and his Granddaughter (Erin). Which process is responsible for Erin and Ron not sharing any identity on Chr. 11, but having an identical Chr. 13? a) Nondisjunction b) Segregation c) Independent Assortment d) Crossing Over

b) 18

The number of chromosomes in a cell of a grasshopper that has gone through meiosis is 18. How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are in somatic cell of the grasshopper? a) 9 b) 18 c) 27 d) 36 e) 72

d. DNA; RNA; protein

The process of gene expression involves two steps in which _______ is transcribed into _______, which is (are) translated into _______. a. a gene; polypeptides; a gene product b. protein; DNA; RNA c. DNA; mRNA; tRNA d. DNA; RNA; protein e. RNA; DNA; protein

e. A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine.

What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule? a. The two sides of the molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. b. The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone coils around the outside of the helix. c. One side of the molecule has an unconnected 5′ phosphate group, and the opposite end has an unconnected 3′ hydroxyl group. d. The 3′ carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5′ carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. e. A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine.

d) Unaffected mothers have affected sons, and have unaffected daughters that have affected sons.

What is the pattern of inheritance for a sex-linked allele? a) Every affected person has an affected parent. b) Unaffected parents can produce children who are affected. c) Affected parents do not produce affected children. d) Unaffected mothers have affected sons, and have unaffected daughters that have affected sons. e) None of the above.

e) At the transition between G1 & S

When does a eukaryotic cell make the commitment for another cell cycle? a) Early in G1 b) Late in G2 c) At the transition between G1 & G2 d) At the transition between S & G2 e) At the transition between G1 & S

b

Which of the following diagrams most accurately represents the chemical structure of DNA strands?

c) CGA to UGA

Which single base change in DNA would cause premature termination of translation given the resulting change in sequence of the mRNA (5'---3')? a) CAA to CAG b) CGU to UGU c) CGA to UGA d) UAA to UAG e) CAA to UGA

b. It synthesizes mRNA in a 3' to 5' direction, reading the DNA strand 5' to 3'

Which statement about RNA polymerase is false? a. It synthesizes mRNA in a 5' to 3' direction, reading the DNA strand 3' to 5' b. It synthesizes mRNA in a 3' to 5' direction, reading the DNA strand 5' to 3' c. It binds at the promoter and unwinds the DNA. d. It does not require a primer to initiate transcription. e. It uses only one strand of DNA as a template for synthesizing RNA.

c) Chance determines which member of a homologous pairs goes to each daughter cell.

Which statement about independent assortment is true? a) It occurs during mitosis. b) It requires chiasmata. c) Chance determines which member of a homologous pairs goes to each daughter cell. d) It occurs in both meiosis I and meiosis II. e) It ensures that all maternal chromosomes end up in one cell and all paternal chromosomes end up the other during meiosis I.

e) Both A and C are possible

Which type of metaphase could the set of chromosomes on the worksheet be from? a) Mitotic Metaphase b) Meiotic Metaphase I c) Meiotic Metaphase II d) Both A and B are possible e) Both A and C are possible f) All are possible

d) a & b

Why was the use of 35S and 32P in labeling biomolecules important to the experiments of Hershey and Chase? a) Phosphorous is a major component of DNA, but not present in amino acids. b) Sulfur is present in the amino acids Methionine and Cysteine, but not present in nucleotides. c) Phosphorous is commonly added to proteins by kinases. d) a & b e) a & c