Bio MidTerm Charvat

Which of the following is a poor argument against evolution?

"It's Just a theory"

Calculate the rate of the reaction in the table from 0-20 minutes. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. Time (minutes) Change (Concentration) 0 0 10 5.1 20 8.6 30 10.4 40 11.1 50 11.2 60 11.5

.43

43.5 cL = _________ daL

0.0435

Which cell is in a hypertonic environment?

1

Which of the following cells is experiencing crenation?

1

The picture best illustrates which of the following terms? Resource Partitioning Predation Competitive Exclusion Principle

1 and 3

A sea horse blending in represents?

Camouflage

A group of students studied four different cell specimens under a microscope and recorded information about each cell in the table below: Characteristics of Four Cell Specimens Cell Specimen Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chloroplasts DNA in Nucleus Cell 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Cell 2 No Yes No Yes Cell 3 Yes Yes No No Cell 4 No Yes No Yes

Cell 3

In aerobic cellular respiration, after the transition reaction where does Acetyl-CoA go?

Krebs Cycle

What type of reasoning does the following statement use: "All mammals have kidneys. All dogs are mammals. Therefore, I conclude that my dog has kidneys."

Logical

Many bird species in the forests of eastern North America have very large geographic ranges. Bird species in tropical forests have very small geographic ranges. Many forest areas within the ranges of these birds are being destroyed. Scientists believe that the destruction of forests affects birds with small ranges more than birds with large ranges. As a result of the destruction of forests, birds with a small geographic range are most likely to:

Lose their specific Niche

What tool of science often uses computer based representations of the structure and interactions of complex biological systems to build an understanding of the underlying causal factors of a biological phenomenon, to drive prediction, to bring theory and experiment together, and to integrate experimental design and data analysis?

Mathematical Modeling

What is represented by #14?

Matrix

The Fluid Mosaic Model of the membrane proposes that...

Membranes consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids

What is the series of reactions that begins with a specific molecule that is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product?

Metabolic pathway

What is the set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes?

Metabolism

Which component of the cytoskeleton is important to the function of muscle contraction?

Microfilaments

Predators often avoid the palatable Viceroy Butterfly because of its similar appearance to the poisonous Monarch Butterfly. What is this an example of?

Mimicry

Muscle cells are involved in contraction and require large amounts of energy. Which organelle do these cells contain in relatively large numbers?

Mitochondria

Which organelle contains structures known as the matrix and cristae?

Mitochondria

Which organisms in this food web can function on both the 3rd and 4th Trophic Levels?

Mouse

Which is the best definition of diffusion:

Movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.

Chlorine reacts with Ozone to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen gas. Why is the depletion of the ozone layer a bad thing?

Ozone blocks ultraviolet radiation, and increased exposure to UV radiation can be harmful

Which of the following processes includes all of the others?

Passive transport

Which of the following processes release newly formed oxygen gas into the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

What is a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring called?

Species

Osmosis is the diffusion of _________________.

Water

What is a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates itself from its surrounding environment?

cell

What is represented by #12

electron

Which of the following refers to energy releasing reaction that occurs spontaneously?

exergonic

Which choice correctly orders the units from largest to smallest?

kg g mg ng

In the last stage of aerobic respiration, what is the final acceptor of electrons that originally resided in glucose?

oxygen

Which of the following would best characterize a nonbiodegradable pollutant?

plastic bothle

In which of the following there is a mismatch between the organelle and the functions shown against it?

plastids : storage of animal cell proteins

Yeast cells under anaerobic conditions

produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide.

Which macromolecule is made up of a long chain of amino acids?

proteins

What is of the highest importance when conducting yourself in a laboratory setting?

safety

Ecologist may use different methods for determining the population density of a species. Most animals move around from place to place and have different patterns of dispersion or spacing of individuals in a population. So, taking a sample of population size for a particular area may not accurately reveal the actual population density. The Mark-Recapture Method is another way that ecologists can estimate population density. In the Mark-Recapture Method organisms are captured, tagged or marked with an identification number, and released. Then the process is repeated, and the following formula is used to estimate the total population size (N). N = (number marked in first catch) x (total number in second catch) number of recaptures in second catch A group was studying the population of toads in a specific area. They collected and marked 25 toads on August 28th. One week later the group collected 30 toads and 15 of those were marked from the first catch. Calculate N for the toads in this area.

125

What is the Range of the following data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 19

15

Aerobic Cellular Respiration results in a possible net gain of ______ATP from one molecule of glucose.

2

If the weight capacity of an elevator is 1Mg, how many 50 kg students will the elevator support?

20

If a scale can accurately measure up to 2 kg, how many 100 cg scoops can be measured by the scale?

2000

28 Mg = _________ hg

280000.0000

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from a tree's leaves. At what time is the tree's transpiration rate the highest?

2:00pm

Which box would most accurately represent a decomposer?

3

Which of the following cells is experiencing cytolysis?

3

Which of the following cells is in a hypotonic environment?

3

A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a ______________.

3rd Order Consumer

Biome Average Yearly Rainfall Average Temperature Climate Zone Tropical Rain Forest 400 cm Daytime: 34ºC Nighttime: 20ºC Tropical Tropical Dry Forest 250-300 cm Dry season: 32ºC Wet season: 20ºC Tropical Temperate Forest 75-125 cm Summer: 28ºC Winter: 6ºC Mostly temperate Boreal Forest 35-70 cm Summer: 14ºC Winter: -10ºC Mostly temperate Tropical Savanna 150 cm Dry season: 34ºC Wet season: 16ºC Mostly tropical Desert Less than 25 cm Summer: 38ºC Winter 7ºC Tropical and temperate Temperate Grassland 25-70 cm Summer: 30ºC Winter: 0ºC Temperate Temperate Woodland and Shrubland Less than 50 cm Summer: 20ºC Winter: 10ºC Temperate Tundra 30-50 cm Summer: 12ºC Winter: -26ºC Temperate and polar How many of the biomes listed above have an average yearly rainfall of less than 75 cm?

4

BasicsGraph1.png At what time of day is there more water being absorbed by the roots than there is water being released by the leaves?

6:00 PM

7.6 L = __________ mL

7600.0000

What is the median of the following data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 19

9

Calculate the mean of the following data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 19 Round to the nearest tenth.

9.4

91.2 µL = __________ kL

91200000000

BasicsGraph2.jpg Which of the following is a logical inference based on the contents of the graph?

A fly population with more available space will grow larger than a population with less space.

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test:

A single Variable

What type of molecules are used to help move molecules across the membrane by active transport?

ATP

Which molecule is biological cellular energy?

ATP

The diagram below shows an incomplete cross-section of a cell membrane and three possible transport mechanisms. Three different particles are shown moving across the membrane into or out of the cell. Which membrane segment would complete the cross-section for box #3?

ATP pump

During the Electron Transport Chain what spins and attaches a Phosphate to ADP to form ATP?

ATP synthase

When calcium carbonate dissolves in acetic acid, what is the solvent?

Acetic Acid

Which property of water best explains a bug standing on water

Adhesive And cohesive

Identify the FALSE Statement:

Aerobic Cellular Respiration results in much more ATP per Glucose than Fermentation.

Which of the following would be a probable cause for secondary succession?

All

Enzyme activity is affected by: any factor affecting the shape of the enzyme. pH. temperature.

All 3

Which statement on graphing is correct?

All are correct

Which of the following characteristics of life best describes formation of differentiated cell types?

All living things grow and develop.

Which of the following characteristics of life best describe homeostasis?

All living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Which of the following characteristics of life best describes the formation and utilization of ATP?

All living things obtain and use materials and energy.

Which of the following characteristics of life best describe irritability?

All living things respond to there environment

Humans need nitrogen to make which of the following substances?

Amino Acid

What is represented by #15?

Atp synthase

Why might the NADH's produced from Glycolysis not end up producing as much ATP as the NADH's produced from the Transition Reaction and the Kreb's Cycle?

Because the electrons from the NADH's have to be shuttled into the mitochondria and might end up forming to FADH2 instead

What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

Bioenergetics

Which of the following refers to an increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web? Example: Accumulation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

Biological Magnification

The organisms in this community live near heated vents. Inorganic compounds such as sulfides mix with extremely hot water when they are released from the vents. Bacteria use the sulfides to make food for themselves and other animals. Many of these bacteria live in the bodies of the giant tubeworms and the giant white clams that live in this community. Hydrothermal vent communities are often destroyed by lava erupting from the ocean floor. After the lava has cooled, different organisms begin to inhabit the area. The ecosystem shown above is part of what larger level of organisms?

Biosphere

Which two factors increase population size

Birth And immigration

A group of students studied four different cell specimens under a microscope and recorded information about each cell in the table below: Characteristics of Four Cell Specimens Cell Specimen Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chloroplasts DNA in Nucleus Cell 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Cell 2 No Yes No Yes Cell 3 Yes Yes No No Cell 4 No Yes No Yes Which specimen is a plant cell? Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cell 1

Cell 1

What tool of science is a process that involves taking cells apart and separating the major organelles based on their size and density?

Cell Fractionation

What is the barrier between the interior of a human cell and its external environment known as?

Cell Membrane

Which of the follwoing is made up of a Phospholipid Bilayer and Proteins?

Cell Membrane

Which of the following contains holes called plasmodesmata?

Cell Wall

The series of chemical reactions that break down glucose releasing ATP to power the cell and sustain life is known as ________________.

Cellular Respiration

Which of the following is NOT a point of the cell theory?

Cellular organisms can be made of one or many cells.

In which of the following there is a mismatch between the organelle and the functions shown against it?

Centrioles : Site of Intermediate Filament Degradation

Which of the following is a microtubule organizing center?

Centrosome

Which statement best describes the concept of irreducible complexity?

Certain molecular machines need all of their parts at the same time to function, therefore slow step by step successive modifications cannot explain the origin of these structures, indicating that they were designed

The diagram below shows an incomplete cross-section of a cell membrane and three possible transport mechanisms. Three different particles are shown moving across the membrane into or out of the cell. Which membrane segment would complete the cross-section for box #1?

Channel

Which organisms can use inorganic compounds like Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) as an energy source?

Chemoautotrophs

A bird on a Yak is

Commensalism

If the population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the ______.

Death Rate may rises

In an ocean environment, marine life is most abundant in the euphotic zone. This zone extends from the surface waters to a depth of 200 meters, the deepest depth that sunlight can reach. It is in this range that phytoplankton capture energy from the sun. Although they are microscopic organisms, phytoplankton are the foundation that supports the marine food web. Which trophic level is most likely missing from a marine benthic zone food web at a depth of 800 meters?

Decomposers

Which of the following examples is not typical to ecological methods?

Destroying ecosystems for the harvesting of natural resources

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent limiting factor?

Disease

Identify the FALSE statement.

Earth is one of only seventeen planets that we know of that contains an atmosphere that can support human, animal, and plant life.

What is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment?

Ecology

The Emerald Ash Borer is responsible for the death of most of the ash trees around the Great Lakes. It is an insect that was introduced to North America from Asia. Which statement below best describes the Emerald Ash Borer?

Emerald Ash Borer is an invasive species with no natural predators.

What term best refers to a species whose population size is rapidly declining and is at risk of being eliminated?

Endangered

Which of the following refers to the evolutionary idea that eukaryotic cells evolved by ingesting prokaryotic cells that provided certain benefits to the cell, and those prokaryotic cells remained in the cell as organelles?

Endosymbiosis

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because _________.

Energy is limited in the biosphere and Nutrients are always available

Cell products are secreted ("exit") from the cell through ____________________.

Exocytosis

What type of growth would be expected in an area with ideal conditions and unlimited resources?

Exponential

There are no good evidences for accepting the Bible as true. It must be accepted by faith alone.

False

Students wanted to test the effects of nutrition on the growth of guinea pigs. Two experiments were conducted using different feeds and vitamin supplements. For both experiments, four groups of 10 guinea pigs each were given a different type of feed over an 8-week period. Each group received the same quantity of food and was provided with fresh water daily. The guinea pigs were measured and weighed weekly. The guinea pigs in each group had an average starting weight of 50 grams (g) and an average starting length of 20 centimeters (cm). Experiment 1 Group 1 was fed a high-protein feed (Feed P). Group 2 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements (Feed Q). Group 3 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed R). Group 4 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed S). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 1 93 32.50 2 82 29.00 3 74 25.25 4 76 23.00 Experiment 2 Group 5 was fed a high-protein feed plus fruits and vegetables (Feed V). Group 6 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed W). Group 7 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed X). Group 8 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits only (Feed Y). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 5 98 38.25 6 85 30.50 7 75 25.00 8 74 23.25

Feed V.

Students wanted to test the effects of nutrition on the growth of guinea pigs. Two experiments were conducted using different feeds and vitamin supplements. For both experiments, four groups of 10 guinea pigs each were given a different type of feed over an 8-week period. Each group received the same quantity of food and was provided with fresh water daily. The guinea pigs were measured and weighed weekly. The guinea pigs in each group had an average starting weight of 50 grams (g) and an average starting length of 20 centimeters (cm). Experiment 1 Group 1 was fed a high-protein feed (Feed P). Group 2 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements (Feed Q). Group 3 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed R). Group 4 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed S). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 1 93 32.50 2 82 29.00 3 74 25.25 4 76 23.00 Experiment 2 Group 5 was fed a high-protein feed plus fruits and vegetables (Feed V). Group 6 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed W). Group 7 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed X). Group 8 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits only (Feed Y). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 5 98 38.25 6 85 30.50 7 75 25.00 8 74 23.25 Which of the following statements is true, according to Table for experiment 2?

Feed X produces guinea pigs similar to those produced by Feed Y.

Which will reduce competition within a species' population?

Fewer individuals

Which of the following is a Whip-like Tail Extension from Cell?

Flagella

The first step in the process of breaking down Glucose is _______________.

Glycolysis

An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes is the:

Golgi apparatus

The croaker, menhaden, and striped bass are fished for food. Which of these graphs shows how a decrease in the fish populations would most likely affect the copepod population?

Graph A

According to the Food Web which of these supply energy for all the other organisms?

Grasses

When a volcanic eruption destroys an ecosystem and leaves behind only rock, which of the following would probably be a pioneer species?

Grasshoppers

What is represented by #11?

Hydrogen Ions

What is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations that explains the relationship between two variables??

Hypothesis

What is represented by #13?

Intermembrane space

The graph shows the effect of annual rainfall on the rate of primary productivity in an ecosystem. What happens to primary productivity as rainfall increases?

It increases

What organelle is associated with Tay-Sachs Disease?

Lysosome

Genesis 3:19 describes decomposition and the carbon cycle. What makes you different from the other living things made up of organic compounds that are involved in the rest of the carbon cycle?

Man is made in the Image of God

Mr. Charvat asked a guest speaker to come speak to his classes. He told some of the classes that the speaker was a mean old man, and he told the other classes that the speaker was a warm, kind-hearted person. The classes who were told that the speaker was a mean old man rated the speaker poorly, while the other classes rated him as a good speaker. What was the independent variable in this crazy social experiment?

Mr. Charvats description of the speaker

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of _______________.

Negative Feedback

An organism's full range of physical and biological conditions in which it lives and the way in which the it uses those conditions would be called its _________________?

Niche

Which of the following refers to the process of certain bacteria converting nitrogen gas into ammonia?

Nitrogen Fixation

Studying Science is the Best way to determine truth?

No

Prokaryotic cells

No nucleus

Which of the following allows materials to move into and out of the nucleus?

Nuclear Pores

A researcher investigated two groups of fruit flies. Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a 1-L container. What was the dependent variable of this experiment?

Number of Flies

Which of the following best describes the role of the Blue Crab in the Estuary Ecosystem?

Omnivore

Identify the FALSE statement.

Only Christian biologists agree that living things give the appearance of design

What tool of science is a shallow, circular, transparent container with a flat lid, used for the culture of microorganisms?

Petri Dish

Which of the following is illustrates the "cell eating" by amoeba pseudopods?

Phagocytosis

The diagram below shows an incomplete cross-section of a cell membrane and three possible transport mechanisms. Three different particles are shown moving across the membrane into or out of the cell. Which membrane segment would complete the cross-section for box #2?

Phospholids

Which of the following does NOT involve atmospheric gases?

Phosphorus Cycle

What occurs when man places in an environment substances or factors that either their nature or their abundance change the environment significantly?

Pollution

A cell that has lots of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Bodies, and Ribosomes probably has what function?

Producing and Packaging Proteins

Which statement does NOT exercise standard biblical view of sustainability?

Rates of waste generation should be maximized to surpass the capacity of the environment

Who coined the term cell?

Robert Hooke

What is defined as an organized process to acquire accurate information about the natural world?

Science

Francesco Redi set up an experiment to test spontaneous generation. He had two jars of meat and covered one with a screen to keep out flies, and then he observed the presence or absence of maggots growing on the meat. What was the independent variable in his experiment?

Screen Covering Jar

The lake trout is a native species, and the sea lamprey is an invasive species of the Great Lakes. An effective chemical control program was begun on the invasive species in year 30. What do you think is the appropriate way to complete the key in the graph provided?

Sea Lampreys are represented by the solid line and Lake Trout are represented by the dashed line

Which organism in the following food chain would represent the 2nd Trophic Level? Plankton → Small Fish → Squid → Shark

Small fish

Identify the FALSE statement.

Some prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

In Redi's experiment, what type of experimental variable is the location and size of the jars?

Standardized

Which of the following statements are true of the time interval marked E in the graph below? Carrying Capacity has been reached. Birthrate equals death rate Population is growing

Statement 1 and 2

What biome might a white tail deer in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio live in?

Temperate deciduous forest

What tool of science is a thin glass tube closed at one end, used to hold small amounts of material for laboratory testing or experiments?

Test Tube

Identify the FALSE statement

The Carbon Dioxide that is produced from the first three steps of aerobic cellular respiration are released by the respiratory system.

Students wanted to test the effects of nutrition on the growth of guinea pigs. Two experiments were conducted using different feeds and vitamin supplements. For both experiments, four groups of 10 guinea pigs each were given a different type of feed over an 8-week period. Each group received the same quantity of food and was provided with fresh water daily. The guinea pigs were measured and weighed weekly. The guinea pigs in each group had an average starting weight of 50 grams (g) and an average starting length of 20 centimeters (cm). Experiment 1 Group 1 was fed a high-protein feed (Feed P). Group 2 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements (Feed Q). Group 3 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed R). Group 4 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed S). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 1 93 32.50 2 82 29.00 3 74 25.25 4 76 23.00 Experiment 2 Group 5 was fed a high-protein feed plus fruits and vegetables (Feed V). Group 6 was fed a grain-based feed with vitamin supplements plus fruits and vegetables (Feed W). Group 7 (control group) was fed a grain-based feed without supplements (Feed X). Group 8 was fed a grain-based feed without supplements plus fruits only (Feed Y). The results and average measurements are recorded in the table below. Group Average weight after 8 weeks (g) Average length after 8 weeks (cm) 5 98 38.25 6 85 30.50 7 75 25.00 8 74 23.25 If the students added vitamin supplements to Feed V for a new group (Group 9), what might the result be after 8 weeks?

The guinea pigs in Group 9 would have a greater average length than those in Group 5.

Which of the following would NOT be considered "alive"?

The nucleus inside of a Cell

Which of the following best describes the water cycle?

Transpiration --> Condensation --> Precipitation --> Run off

Many fresh water protists have a contractile ____________ to help eliminate excess water?

Vacuole

Scanning electron microscope

Very detailed black and white, zoomed in on surface

What term refers to the tiny little bubbles that are formed by the golgi apparatus and sent to the cell membrane for exocytosis?

Vesicle

Viruses have genetic material, and they exhibit some characteristics of life within a host cell (cell infected by the virus). But viruses lack many of the structures found in cells. A teacher asked 4 students to discuss whether viruses should be considered living things. Student 1 Viruses are not cells. Viruses do have genetic material, and when in a host cell, viruses can reproduce and respond to change. However, viruses do not metabolize. The energy used to make copies of a virus is metabolized by the host cell. Because viruses are not made of cells and do not metabolize, they are not living things. Student 2 Viruses are not cells. Viruses do have genetic material, and when in a host cell, viruses can reproduce and metabolize. However, viruses are not able to respond to change. They do not respond to changes in the environment, and they do not mutate. Because viruses are not made of cells and do not respond to change, they are not living things. Student 3 Although viruses are not cells, they do have genetic material, and they are able to reproduce when in host cells. During reproduction, viruses respond to change and metabolize. Even though viruses are not made of cells, they can do everything a cell can do when they are inside a host cell, so viruses are living things. Student 4 Viruses are simple cells containing genetic material but lacking organelles. Although it is correct that viruses are only able to reproduce when in a host cell, when they are within a host cell, viruses respond to change and metabolize. Viruses exhibit all of the characteristics of life, so viruses are living things. All 4 students would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

Viruses have some of the characteristics of living things.

Which of the following characteristics of life best describes the role of DNA?

Which of the following characteristics of life best describes the role of DNA?

In 2014 the water supply in the city of Toledo was contaminated with toxins. Identify the FALSE statement.

Zebra mussels are an invasive species in Lake Erie that caused a release of toxins from the algae in the lake.

Which of the following are NOT found in plant cells?

centrioles

Which of the following function as oars to help move a Paramecium through the water?

cilia

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?

competing species

Viruses have genetic material, and they exhibit some characteristics of life within a host cell (cell infected by the virus). But viruses lack many of the structures found in cells. A teacher asked 4 students to discuss whether viruses should be considered living things. Student 1 Viruses are not cells. Viruses do have genetic material, and when in a host cell, viruses can reproduce and respond to change. However, viruses do not metabolize. The energy used to make copies of a virus is metabolized by the host cell. Because viruses are not made of cells and do not metabolize, they are not living things. Student 2 Viruses are not cells. Viruses do have genetic material, and when in a host cell, viruses can reproduce and metabolize. However, viruses are not able to respond to change. They do not respond to changes in the environment, and they do not mutate. Because viruses are not made of cells and do not respond to change, they are not living things. Student 3 Although viruses are not cells, they do have genetic material, and they are able to reproduce when in host cells. During reproduction, viruses respond to change and metabolize. Even though viruses are not made of cells, they can do everything a cell can do when they are inside a host cell, so viruses are living things. Student 4 Viruses are simple cells containing genetic material but lacking organelles. Although it is correct that viruses are only able to reproduce when in a host cell, when they are within a host cell, viruses respond to change and metabolize. Viruses exhibit all of the characteristics of life, so viruses are living things. Student 1's argument differs from Student 2's argument in which of the following ways? Student 1 claims that viruses:

do not metabolize, and Student 2 claims that viruses metabolize.

Protein synthesis, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction are examples of _____________ reactions.

endergonic

Which of the following organelles carries out the biosynthesis of lipids and detoxifies drugs and poisons?

lysosomes

Which of the following cells would contain a nucleus?

unicellular protist