Bio Module III B

The production of alcohol or lactate from pyruvate during __________ occurs as a means of regenerating __________ from __________.

fermentation; NAD+; NADH

In which of the following tissues would you expect to find the greatest number of mitochondria on a per cell basis?

flight muscle of a bumblebee

Considering only glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules will be produced from one glucose molecule?

four

Cellular respiration is neither endergonic or exogonic?

False

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

glucose, lipids, proteins and fatty acids

Which process does not match the location in a typical eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis-mitochondrion

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose?

hydrolysis

Select the molecule that contains the most stored chemical energy:

lactate.

In a eukaryotic cell, the citric acid cycle occurs in the:

mitochondrion

From which of the following processes is urea derived?

none of the preceding

Which has the great potential energy? a. two molecules of pyruvate b. one molecule of glucose

one molecule of glucose

The primary role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to:

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.

Which of the following processes requires a net input of energy?

all of the preceding

Two catabolic pathways which extract free energy from complex organic compounds are:

anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration.

Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:

are more highly reduced.

During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:

are transferred to an organic molecule.

Cellular respiration is most accurately described as a(n) __________ process.

catabolic

The splitting of molecules into smaller components is referred to as:

catabolism.

When hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, they form a proton gradient. ATP is then formed by a process known as:

chemiosmosis.

One product of the initial (first) reaction of the citric acid cycle is:

citrate.

Select the processes that are matched with the incorrect amount of ATP produced by that process per glucose molecule.

citric acid cycle-4 ATP

How many ATP are produced when 2 acetyl CoA --------> 4 CO2

2

How many ATP total (gross) are produced when glucose -------> 2 pyruvate

2

Which of the following is an end product of glycolysis?

ATP

Which of the following is not one of the starting materials of the citric acid?

ATP

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:

ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP.

During chemiosmosis, __________ are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules, and the energy released is used to create a(n) __________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

electrons; proton

In aerobic respiration, glucose is completely:

oxidized to carbon dioxide.

In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are ultimately transferred to:

oxygen in a series of steps

Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation:

release free energy.

Which has the great potential energy? A. two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. one molecule of glucose

two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Deamination of amino acids in mammals yields amino groups that are converted to __________, which is(are) excreted, and __________, which is(are) converted to one of the reactants of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.

urea; carbon chains

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to __________ and then to __________.

acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol

During aerobic respiration, oxygen is:

reduced.

The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is:

to accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

Which of the following letter choices best represents the products of glycolysis, if a singlemolecule of glucose enters the process?

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), and 2 NADH

How many ATP are produced when NADH + O2 -------> NAD+ + H2O

3

When one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration, the net amount of ATP produced is:

36 to 38.

In the citric acid cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are metabolized to:

4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP.

An example of a substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis is the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to:

ADP

Which of the following statements concerning chemiosmosis is true?

ATP is synthesized by the use of energy released as hydrogen ions diffuse from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Protein synthesis is neither endergonic or exogonic?

False

When cells catabolize glucose aerobically, the end products are

H2O and CO2.

An important function of fermentation is to restore _____ to the cell.

NAD+

Which of the following statements is not correct about lactic acid fermentation?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway.

A drowning death would be most directly due to:

The lack of oxygen to accept hydrogens and electrons.

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy.