Bio Phillips Chapter 9 Test Review
Releasing Energy
Energy is released by breaking the bonds between atoms. ATP releases its energy when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group is broken.
What is the NADPH responsible for?
NADPH carries high-energy electrons that provide energy for the light-independent reactions.
What are the two different types of autotrophs, and which is more common on our planet?
Photoautotrophs use light energy to make food for themselves, and chemoautotrophs use chemicals energy in deep sea vents. Photoautotrophs are more common.
What is the importance of photosynthesis for all life?
Photosynthesis allows plants to create their own energy from just sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Because of this, everything that eats plants or eats things that eat plants, is able to have food and live.
_____________ is the fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids.
Stroma
How is energy captured from the sun?
The chlorophyll in plants is able to absorb light energy, which transfers that energy to electron carriers. (NADP)
material that absorbs light energy
pigment
What part of the structure is a type of sugar?
ribose
fluid matrix of chloroplasts
stroma
Now that you know more about the specific processes of photosynthesis, explain exactly why a plant needs carbon dioxide from the air.
A plant needs carbon dioxide for the Calvin cycle.e Without it, a plant would not be able to create glucose.
How many molecules of carbon dioxide are required to produce a 6-carbon sugar?
6
How does ADP get converted to ATP?
ADP has two phosphates, and when another is added it becomes ATP.
Which molecule has a higher potential energy. ADP or ATP?
ATP
source of temporary energy
ATP
In what stages are carbon dioxide and oxygen involved in photosynthesis ATP production?
Carbon dioxide is needed to produce carbon molecules during the light independent reactions, and oxygen is released when light dependent reactions occur.
How Cells Use ATP
Cells use ATP for biosynthesis, movement, active transport, and cell division.
Chemical energy and ATP
Chemical energy is contained in the bonds between atoms. ATP is the molecule that organisms use to temporarily store energy.
_____________ is a stack of thylakoids.
Granum
What molecules need to travel through ATP synthase to help it create ATP?
H ions
What concentration gradient powers ATP synthase?
H+
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Heterotrophs take in other living things for food, while autotrophs make their own food.
The Light-Independent Reactions: Producing Sugars
Light independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast, which is the region outside the thylakoids. ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions provide the energy to fix carbon dioxide.
Storing Energy
Long-term energy storage is in the form of lipids and carbohydrates. Short-term energy storage is in the form of ATP.
The Light-Dependent Reactions: Generating ATP and NADPH
The light dependent reactions occur across the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast. They use energy from sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH. Water is split and oxygen is released in the process.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
The most important factors that affect photosynthesis are temperature, light intensity, and the availability of water.
The main pigment of green plants is:
chlorophyll
Based upon what you know about the Greek word thylakos, how do you think the thylacines carried their young?
in a pouch
reactions that occur in the thylakoid membrane
light dependent
Where does the ATP and NADPH get created?
light dependent reactions
Two _____________ surround and enclose the chloroplasts.
membranes
Which part contains important bonds that store energy?
phosphate groups
What other words do you know that begin with the prefix photo-?
photograph
Saclike membranes that contain chlorophyll are known as _____________.
thylakoids
Where do the "light" reactions (light-dependent) take place?
thylakoids
