Bio Psy Ch. 1

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The cell membrane is composed of two layers of

fat

Nodes of Ranvier are ____.​

gaps in the myelin of axons

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.​

myelin sheath

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter?​

​a blood-brain barrier

As a general rule, axons convey information ____.​

away from their own cell body

The concentration gradient refers to the ____.​

​difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane

In what direction does a local neuron transmit information?​

​equally well in any direction

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?​

​glucose

Under which conditions would the sodium-potassium pump likely be far less effective in creating a concentration gradient?​

​if selective permeability of the membrane did not exist

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane, which ____.​

​prevents sodium ions from entering and stopping action potential

The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons. What are these junctions called?​

​synaptic receptors

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?​

​thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcoholism

Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.​

True

Water, oxygen, and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.​

carbon dioxide

Radial glia ____.​

guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development

An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ____.​

presynaptic terminals

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.​

​an end bulb

At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.​

False

The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.​

fat molecules; proteins

The resting potential is mainly the result of ____.​

negatively charged proteins inside the cell

Ordinarily, stimulation of a neuron takes place ____.​

​at the synapse

The neuron will produce an action potential only if the depolarization exceeds the ____.​

the threshold of excitation

Neurons typically have one ____, but many ____.​

​axon; dendrites

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?​

​oligodendrocytes

The concentration gradient for potassium tends to ____.​

​push potassium out of the cell

Protein channels allow ____ molecules to cross the cell membrane.​

​small charged


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