Bio test 13

Which bacterium would be most likely to produce a molecule that could be modified to create a drug for treatment of muscle spasms (uncontrolled contractions)?

Clostridium botulinum

Which of these would NOT describe characteristics of the normal microbiota of the skin?

Gram- negative

What was the best treatment for this patient once he had gone to the ER?

IV fluids, sedation, and respiratory support

What is the recommended course of treatment when a rabid animal bites a person?

Immediately wash the wound with soap and water, inject the bite area with rabies immunoglobulin, and begin a series of four rabies vaccine injections.

which statement explains why Pseudomonas aeruginosa rarely causes disease?

It cannot penetrate the intact skin.

Which of the following is NOT one of the five most common causes of bacterial meningitis?

Steptococcus pyogenes

Rickettsia rickettsii is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. Which of the following statements about the R. rickettsii life cycle is FALSE?

after entering a host, R. rickettsii multiplies to levels high enough to successfully invade cells and establish an infection.

In a temperate climate, one would expect all of the following diseases to be more common in the warmer months of the year EXCEPT __________.

bacterial meningitis

Which of the following are virulence factors of Cryptococcus neoformans?

capsules and melanin

Which of the following is most frequently caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococci)?

necrotizing fasciitis

Which of the following would NOT be a likely member of the normal microbiota of the skin surface?

obligate anaerobe

What disease is transmitted from bats to humans and produces the signs/symptoms displayed by this patient?

rabies

Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because they can thrive in the presence of

sebum and salt

During what season would you expect to find the highest incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

spring and early summer

The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because

the outer layers are dead and covered in salt

To reduce the chances of bacterial meningitis, the CDC recommends what actions be taken for military recruits and college freshman?

vaccinations for meningococcus

scabies is caused by a __________.

mite

Based on the symptoms stated, what is the most probable disease that this student has developed?

meningitis

An indirect immunofluorescence assay is described as the CDC "gold standard serological test" for RMSF. Keeping in mind the principles behind indirect fluorescent-antibody (indirect FA) testing, which of the following characteristics contributes to its choice as the gold standard?

1-Indirect FA uses an antibody that reacts with any human antibody. 2-Indirect FA will detect R. rickettsii-specific antibodies present in the patient's serum. 3-Indirect FA is rapid, sensitive, and specific. 4-Indirect FA is more sensitive than direct immunofluorescent testing.

what is the name for the dark-staining bodies observed in the brain cells from this patient?

Negri bodies

Analysis of the spinal tap shows the presence of Gram-negative bacteria cocci; for this age group which bacteria would be the probable cause of these symptoms?

Neisseria meningitidis

Which of the following is a characteristic of biological transmission from Dermacentor to a human host?

R. rickettsii is transmitted to the human host during a bite, when tick saliva enters the wound.

Which one of the following organisms does NOT commonly cause meningitis?

Serratia marcescens

What is the host range for rabies?

mammals

Why do symptoms persist after antibiotics have been used to treat and remove the bacterial infection?

The blebs containing lipid A are still present in the blood and in the tissues.

Which of the following does NOT directly help Staphylococcus aureus penetrate and spread to new locations within the host?

coagulase

Pinkeye is inflammation of the __________.

conjunctiva

Which of the following mycoses is NOT correctly matched with its location?

dermatophytoses: skin surface

Which nucleic acid is part of the varicella-zoster virion?

dsDNA

A famous actress comes to the clinic for an injection of Botox (a very small amount of purified type A botulism toxin). Which of the following could be a complication of this treatment?

flaccid paralysis of muscles near the injection site

A patient presents with these signs: a wounded finger that has turned black, crackly sound under the skin, and foul-smelling bubbly drainage in the area of the wound. What disease does this indicate?

gas gangrene

Transmission of the causative bacterial agent is via this route.

inhalation of respiratory droplets

A 28-year-old Welshman is experiencing insomnia, continually writhes his hands, and begins to exhibit irrational behavior. He seems to be losing his muscle control. It has become progressively worse over the past year. What is the most likely diagnosis?

variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

which virus is responsible for Grandfather Davis's shingles?

varicella-zoster virus