Bio test #3-ferdoush

If a plant produces microspores and megaspores, then by definition, it is homosporous.

False

The fourth phylum is a collection of which unusual plants that share certain traits not found in other gymnosperms?

Gnetophyta

Asomycetes are NOT used for which of the following applications?

prepare vinegar

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the:

prothallus

deuterostomes have ______ cleavage

radial and indeterminate

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is missing in the filament labeled as A?

septa

The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically:

triploid (3n)

A sorus is a cluster of sporangia.

true

In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular.

true

The wood of conifers consists mostly of tracheids.

true

Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal disease caused by an ascomycete?

tuberculosis

Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are _________.

unikonts

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponge larvae are motile.

What is an example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete?

wheat rust

How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated?

wind

What is the function of the phloem in plants?

To transport dissolved sugars

The stramenopiles include water molds, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.

True

What is the outcome of the process illustrated in the accompanying figure?

Two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells?

algae

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

asci

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as:

dikaryotic

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the:

endosperm

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:

flagellated cells

Members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of:

flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocot

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious

Protists have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT:

by mycelium.

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

coelom—nο body cavity

The nutritive tissue in a mature pine seed is triploid

false

The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the:

ovule of the ovary.

What is the structure labeled 9?

pistil

The inner germ layer, or endoderm, forms which of the following structures?

Lining of digestive structures

antheridium

Male reproductive structure in some algae and plants

Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of:

seeds

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

budding

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

fern

Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus?

Ciliates

Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides?

Dinoflagellates

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

What are the benefits of a coelom?

It shapes the body of soft animals., Its evolution into various shapes and divisions provided the opportunity for animals to become specialized (e.g., in swimming, crawling, or walking)., It is an enclosed compartment (or series of compartments) of fluid under pressure., Its evolution provided a space where internal organs could develop and function.

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

Microphylls

Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control?

Reproduction

Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle?

Plasmogamy

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Coralline forms of which group of protists are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs?

Red algae

Which protist group does not have flagellated cells?

Red algae

Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE?

a. Both groups produce seeds. b. Both groups are heterosporous. c. Both groups possess vascular tissues. d. In both groups, the sporophyte generation is dominant. e. Both groups have free-living gametophytes. answer: e

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

basidia.

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n):

choanoflagellate.

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates.

Fungi that lack septa are called:

coenocytic

Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta.

false

In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores.

false

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves.

false

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a:

fruit

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.

gametophyte generation

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction.

lignin

Bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following?

locomotion

The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by:

meiosis in the resting sporangium.

The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions?

nutrient absorption

Which is an example of a monocot?

onions

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 4 is a:

zygote

Which phylum's very few surviving species are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns?

Cycadophyta

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve?

Angiosperms

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

_________ are parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile.

Apicomplexans

Which statement about mycorrhizae is FALSE?

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular.

______________ are the only living nonvascular plants.

Bryophytes

_________________ are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Bryophytes

Which of the following is NOT part of the Chromalveolates group of eukaryotes?

Euglenoids

Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that form a significant portion of the nanoplankton?

Golden algae

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores?

They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into?

seed

Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively called _______________.

Archaeplastida

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with a spore.

false

In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth.

false, it develops into the anus

The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception?

flatworms

Which label designates a female reproductive structure in the accompanying figure?

8

Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with two or more flagella?

Diplomonads

Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation?

Gametophyte

Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement?

It functions as an endoskeleton.

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants?

Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.

The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as:

antheridi

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:

archegonia

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs.

Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming:

ascospores

Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to:

common edible mushrooms

Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery?

conifers

Which of the following genes were similar in the last common ancestor of all bilateral animals?

hox genes

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:

incomplete and imperfect

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.

integuments

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

locomotion

As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?

molecular data

What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess?

netted

When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________.

sporophyte generation

Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals?

xylem

What is the process occurring at point 3 in the accompanying figure?

zygote germination

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells, and are responsible for over 40 percent of photosynthesis in the world's oceans?

Diatoms

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm.

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:

coenocytic