Bio Test: Cellular Respiration

Net gain of ATP from glycolysis is...

2 ATP

What does the Krebs cycle produce?

2 carbon molecules, 3 NADH molecules, 1 molecule FADH2, 1 molecule ATP

Which of the following reactants directly provides energy for most cell functions?

ADP + P ---> ATP

The molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy is...

ATP

The passage of H+ ions through _______________ causes it to spin and produce ATP

ATP synthase

Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration cellular respiration.

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce 30-38 ATP molecules. Anaerobic respiration doesn't use oxygen and only creates 2 ATP molecules.

What type of fermentation calls for you to allow cooked gein mash to ferment with yeast? What will the finished product be like?

Alcoholic fermentation

Fermentation does not require oxygen, so it is an...

Anaerobic respiration

How are bread and beer similar? How are they different?

Bread and beer are similar because they both contain starch and have yeast. They also both perform alcoholic fermentation. Even though they both perform alcoholic fermentation they are different because when the bread gets cooked the alcohol gets cooked out of it but beer still contains alcohol.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

What gas is given off as a product during cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide

What gas is produced from cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide

What is not a product of glycolysis?

Carbon dioxide

What product from yeast causes dough to rise?

Carbon dioxide

What substance produced by alcoholic fermentation makes bread rise?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements is NOT true of energy production in cells?

Cells release large amounts of energy in the form of heat.

Why is cellular respiration called an aerobic process?

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it is a process that uses oxygen to create ATP.

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down what?

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose molecules.

The Krebs cycle is also called the_____________cycle.

Citric acid

Glycolysis happens outside the mitochondria in the ________ of the cell.

Cytoplasm

How is energy released from ATP?

Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.

Fermentation of glucose by yeast produces...

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by__________

Fermentation

This molecule has the formula C6H12O6 and is split in half during glycolysis.

Glucose

Which step of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm?

Glycolysis

___________ is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose

Glycolysis

Which process(es) in photosynthesis or cellular respiration releases energy from glucose?

Glycolysis in cellular respiration releases energy.

Glycolysis provides a net gain of how many ATP molecules?

Glycolysis provides a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

List the major steps of aerobic respiration in order.

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Describe three steps a glucose molecule will go through to be broken down and where they take place.

Glycolysis: cytoplasm Krebs Cycle: mitochondrial membrane Electron Transport Chain: Inner mitochondrial membrane

What does the word "aerobic" mean?

Has oxygen

What would happen if all the energy in glucose were released in just one step instead of gradually as it is in cellular respiration?

If all the energy in a glucose molecule were released at one time, most of the energy would be lost in the form of light and heat.

In eukaryotes, where does the electron transport chain happen during aerobic respiration?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Why is the Krebs cycle so important if it doesn't produce a lot of ATP?

It produces reducing agents for the electron transport chain.

The _____________breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH2 and ATP.

Krebs Cycle

Which cellular respiration process would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt?

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Describe the two types of fermentation that pyruvate will go through following glycolysis if oxygen is not present. Include what is produced and an example of an organism that does each type.

Lactic acid fermentation: 2 ATP, NAD+ bacteria in yogurt Alcoholic fermentation: 2 ATP, carbon dioxide yeast

Which type of energy transformation occurs in photosynthesis?

Light to chemical

What molecule acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration?

NAD+ and FAD

Explain the importance of NADH and FADH2 in the Krebs cycle.

NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain.

What does the word "anaerobic" mean?

No oxygen

On average, how many molecules of ATP are gained through the process of cellular respiration from one glucose molecule?

On average, 30-38 ATP molecules are gained from just one glucose molecule.

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration important to each other?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are important to each other because the products of photosynthesis (oxygen and water) are the reactants used in cellular respiration. Then the products of cellular respiration (carbon dioxide and water) and the reactants for photosynthesis.

Compare and contrast photosynthesis with cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar because both processes contain water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose. These processes are different because photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert what into what?

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen.

Explain why plants appear green.

Plants are green because the chlorophyll absorbs only red light and reflects green light.

Explain why plants need to perform cellular respiration.

Plants need to perform cellular respiration to break down glucose and gain energy to survive.

Why is beer fizzy?

The carbon dioxide being released from the yeast.

Describe the cycling of gasses through photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The cycling of gasses in photosynthesis starts with carbon dioxide being a reactant and ends with oxygen being a product. In cellular respiration, the cycling of gasses starts with oxygen being a reactant and carbon dioxide being a product.

Which step of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

The electron transport chain. It produces 30-38 ATP molecules.

How is the gradual process of cellular respiration advantages to the cell?

The gradual process of cellular respiration advantages the cell because if it were to all come out at once, it wouldn't be useful to the cell. The cell can't use all of that energy at once, or it would burn up.

What does the process of glycolysis require?

The process of glycolysis requires 2 NAD+ molecules per glucose molecule.

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yields a net gain of ATP molecules to be used as energy for living things. Of the two, which process would yield the highest number of ATP molecules?

The process that yields the highest number of ATP molecules is aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration releases 38 ATP molecules and anaerobic respiration releases 2 ATP molecules.

What are the products of glycolysis?

The products of glycolysis are 4 ATP, 2 pyruvic acid, and 2 NADH.

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. The products of photosynthesis are water and oxygen.

What are the 2 main types of fermentation and how are they different?

The two types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Lactic acid produces lactic acid and NAD+ while alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, NAD+.

What happens to the NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle?

Their electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain.

What is the main function of the electron transport chain?

To transfer energy from the electron carriers to ATP molecules.

Explain how light energy is converted into chemical energy photosynthesis.

When light energy is converted into chemical energy, a phosphate group is added to a molecule to form ATP.