Bio work #2
Select all of the following that are represented by the number above each of the elements in the periodic table.
-atomic number -number of protons in that atom
Select all of the following that are polymers, which are molecules composed of multiple monomers linked together.
-nucleic acid -polysaccharide -protein
Select all of the following that are components of nucleotides.
-phosphate group -5-carbon sugar -nitrogenous base
Select all of the following that can denature a protein by breaking the hydrogen bonds that maintain the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins.
-salt -heat -changes in pH
Select all of the following that are compounds.
-salt (NaCl) -carbon dioxide gas (CO2) -water (H2O)
Because a carbon atom can form ______ covalent bonds, complex organic molecules can be formed, including rings, branching molecules, and long chains.
4
What type of monomer is shown in the picture?
Amino acid
Water is drawn up through roots and carried through conducting tubes in plants through the combination of evaporation and what other properties of water?
Cohesion and adhesion
What nucleic acid is shown in the picture?
DNA
In liquid water, some water molecules break down into one hydroxide ion (OH-) and one hydrogen ion, which is represented as
H+
What type of bond forms between opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules or within a large molecule?
Hydrogen
What type of polymer is made up of many nucleotide monomers?
Nucleic acid
What type of monomer is shown in the picture?
Nucleotide
Why does salt dissolve in water?
Polar water molecules surround Na+ and Cl- ions.
The single-stranded nucleic acid ______ is shown in the picture.
RNA
The nucleic acid ______ contains the 5-carbon sugar ______ and is typically single-stranded. The nucleic acid ______ contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and typically forms a double helix.
RNA; ribose; DNA
Water expands as it freezes because the hydrogen bonds in ice
are stable and "lock" molecules into a more widely-space array.
What type of chemical can absorb H+ ions from a solution?
base
allows solutions to resist change in pH by releasing both H+ and OH-.
buffer
Monosaccharides are the smallest ______ and contain five or six carbon atoms.
carbohydrates
Cellulose that forms plant cell walls, chitin that forms arthropod exoskeletons, starch that acts as a storage molecule in plants, and glycogen that acts as a storage molecule in animals are examples of
carbohydrates.
A peptide bond is a type of ______ bond between amino acids.
covalent
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, which are numbers that correspond to the concentration of ______ in a solution.
hydrogen ions
What type of molecules are found in living things and contain both carbon and hydrogen?
organic
Buffer systems contain weak acids and bases and help solutions resist changes in
ph
The picture shows the ___ scale, which ranges from 0 to 14.
ph
Long chains of monomer subunits linked together are called
polymers.
Complex carbohydrates called ______ consist of hundreds or thousands of monomers.
polysaccharides
Once a polypeptide or multiple polypeptides are folded into a functional shape, they are referred to as a(n)
protein.
The atomic number of an element is the number of ______.
protons in the nucleus
Triglycerides such as bacon fat and butter contain ______ fatty acids, in which single bonds connect all the carbons; however, triglycerides such as olive oil and vegetable oil contain ______ fatty acids, in which there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
saturated; unsaturated
To make a solution of lemonade, lemon juice and sugar are dissolved in water. The water is the ______ in this example.
solvent
In photosynthesis, the process in which plants use the sun's energy to make food molecules, one of the key reactants is ______.
water
Hydrogen bonds are relatively ______ compared to ionic and covalent bonds, but collectively, they are responsible for the cohesive and adhesive properties of ______.
weak; water
