BIO102 Chapter 8

How many molecules of C2 acetyl group are produced from six molecules of glucose 6 C6H12O6 during aerobic respiration? 12 28 6 3 18

12

As a result of glycolysis there is a NET gain of _______ ATPs. 0 2 4 36 12

2

The number of ATP produced during cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is ________. 4 28 20 38

38

A new organism is discovered which contains a super enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate but cannot function if oxygen is present. What is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose? 2 4 38 40 42

4

In the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, both ATP and NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell? ATP acts as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate, while NADH serves as an electron acceptor. ATP acts as a power source for the citric acid cycle, while NADH serves as energy to run the cell. ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production. ATP acts as an electron acceptor, while NADH serves as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate. ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH acts as a power source for photosynthesis.

ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production.

What type(s) of organisms does cellular respiration occur in? autotrophs heterotrophs decomposers producers All answers given are correct.

All answers given are correct.

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ___ during fermentation. oxygen heat oxygen gas glucose CO2 gas

CO2 gas

What happened to the hamburger you had for lunch? All of the carbohydrates were converted to ATP, while the fats and proteins were used to make molecules for the cell. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may be converted to ATP or used to make molecules for the cells. Carbohydrates and fats are converted to ATP, while proteins are used to make molecules for the cell. All of the fats and proteins were converted to ATP, while the carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell. All of the proteins were converted to ATP, while the fats and carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell.

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may be converted to ATP or used to make molecules for the cells.

Glucose is a six-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis? Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form two three-carbon molecules. ATP is added, and the molecule rearranged to form three two-carbon molecules. Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form three two-carbon molecules. Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form three ATP molecules. ATP is added, and the molecule rearranged to form two three-carbon molecules.

Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form three two-carbon molecules.

Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration how can you explain the weight loss, where did the weight go (how was it lost)? It was released as carbon dioxide and water. It was converted to ATP which weighs much less than fat. It was broken down into amino acids and eliminated from the body. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. It was released as oxygen and water.

It was released as carbon dioxide and water.

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are similar in that they both produce ________. CO2 NADH ATP NADH and ATP ADP

NADH and ATP

Where do the protons and electrons come from that are used in the electron transport chain? ATP NADH FADH2 ADP NADH and FADH2

NADH and FADH2

Where do the protons and electrons come from that are used in the electron transport chain? ATP NADH FADH2 ADP NADH and FADH2

NADH and FADH2

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because she seemed to be in constant pain. The baby had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscles cells. Doctors figured out that the child had a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements explains what they found? The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy. The muscles required small amounts of sugar to function. The muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. The muscle cells can not split glucose into pyruvic acid. The cells had died as a result of no mitochondria.

The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy.

Susan suffered from a heart attack. When the doctors tested the heart muscle they found that she had an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvic acid in her heart. What does this say about the availability of oxygen in her heart muscle cells? The heart cells must have received too much oxygen. The heart cells had not received adequate oxygen supply. The heart cells had a build up of carbon dioxide, poisoning her cells. The lactic acid built up as a result of cellular respiration occurring at too fast of a rate. The heart cells had too much carbon dioxide build up.

The heart cells had not received adequate oxygen supply.

You have decided to try to make your own wine by adding yeast to a sweet grape juice. After allowing plenty of time for the yeast to grow, you find that although the sugar levels in the juice are decreased, there is no alcohol in the mixture. What could have been the reason fermentation did not occur? More sugar needs to be added, yeast need a lot of energy before they produce alcohol. Less sugar is needed in the juice, high sugar concentration causes cellular respiration to occur instead of fermentation. Yeast can not ferment grapes, only bacteria can. The mixture needs less oxygen, yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen. The mixture needs more carbon dioxide.

The mixture needs less oxygen, yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

What would happen if NAD+ were not available for cellular respiration? There would be a slight reduction in the number of ATP formed. There would be a great reduction in the number of ATP formed. There would be no effect on the number of ATP formed. Cellular respiration would not proceed. There would be an increase in ATP produced.

There would be a great reduction in the number of ATP formed.

Calories are contained in sugars and fats but not in artificial sweeteners like NutraSweet. What are possible reasons that NutraSweet does not contain calories? We lack enzymes to break the bonds. The sweetness is from chemicals other than sugars. The sugars are more easily broken and converted to energy. The calories are lost as heat. We lack enzymes to break the bonds and the sweetness is from chemicals other than sugars.

We lack enzymes to break the bonds and the sweetness is from chemicals other than sugars.

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to ________. playing tennis a rock falling from a cliff a person jumping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump a person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time

a person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time

Energy is released from ATP when adenine bonds to an additional phosphate group forming AQP. ATP bonds to oxygen forcing the Adenine (A) off. ATP is exposed to sunlight which forces the phosphate groups off. a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy. ATP bonds to carbon dioxide forcing a phosphate to be removed.

a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy.

Energy is released from ATP when adenine bonds to an additional phosphate group forming AQP. ATP bonds to oxygen forcing the Adenine (A) off. ATP is exposed to sunlight which forces the phosphate groups off. a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy. ATP bonds to carbon dioxide forcing a phosphate to be removed.

a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy.

The citric acid cycle starts with ________ and yields ___________. lactic acid; carbon dioxide glucose; 32 ATPs acetyl CoA; lactic acid or alcohol acetyl CoA, NAD, FAD, and ADP; dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP carbon dioxide; oxygen

acetyl CoA, NAD, FAD, and ADP; dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP

The product of the preparatory reaction is ________. pyruvate acetyl-CoA glucose water carbon dioxide

acetyl-CoA

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical ________. in providing a space for glycolysis to occur in creating a space for concentration of H+. as a site for the electron transport chain both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H+ in providing a place for the Calvin cycle

both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H+

ATP is invested in glycolysis to ________. produce acetyl-CoA break glucose into two molecules add a phosphate group to glucose join glucose molecules together release carbon dioxide

break glucose into two molecules

By-products of cellular respiration include _____. FADH2 and NADH NADH and ATP oxygen and heat carbon dioxide and water carbon dioxide and oxygen

carbon dioxide and water

When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, __________ energy is released and converted into __________. chemical potential; ATP photosynthetic; ATP solar; NADH NADH; ATP chemical potential; NADH

chemical potential; ATP

As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to ________. form ATP concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space move phosphate groups to ATP synthase release CO2 to the matrix concentrate H+ in the cytoplasm of the cell

concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space

In Fig. 7.1, part Y represents what part of a mitochondrion? outer mitochondrial membrane cristae mitochondrial matrix intermembrane space thylakoids

cristae

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ________. energy in other organic molecules energy in ATP energy in carbon dioxide water pyruvate

energy in ATP

Which of the following molecules yields the most ATP from cellular respiration? fat glucose pyruvate FADH2 proteins

fat

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain, preparatory stage citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis glycolysis, preparatory stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain preparatory stage, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, glycolysis citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis, preparatory stage

glycolysis, preparatory stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? glycolysis→preparatory reaction→citric acid cycle→electron transport chain Krebs cycle→electron transport→glycolysis→preparatory reaction glycolysis→Krebs cycle→electron transport chain Krebs cycle→glycolysis→electron transport chain→preparatory reaction glycolysis→electron transport chain→preparatory reaction

glycolysis→preparatory reaction→citric acid cycle→electron transport chain

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate ________. can be used to produce additional ATP is toxic and causes muscle to fatigue is stored in the muscle for future energy use converts into carbon dioxide and is released in the blood stream can be used as an energy source in animals

is stored in the muscle for future energy use

The products of fermentation of bacteria can be used to produce lactose used in making yogurt. lactic acid used in making beer. lactic acid used in making bread. lactose used in making beer. lactose used in making wine.

lactose used in making yogurt.

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration? oxygen water carbon dioxide ATP ADP

oxygen

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ___ resulting in formation of ___. phosphate; ATP CoA; acetyl CoA oxygen; water hydrogen; carbon dioxide pyruvate; oxygen

oxygen; water

Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process? fermentation cell division hydrolysis photosynthesis dehydration synthesis

photosynthesis

The enzyme that converts pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA requires vitamin B1, also called thiamine. Vitamin B1 has to be taken in through the diet of an individual. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B1? glycolysis preparatory reaction citric acid cycle electron transport chain

preparatory reaction

When you exhale what two stages of cellular respiration produce the carbon dioxide you are breathing out? preparatory reaction and citric acid cycle preparatory reaction and electron transport chain citric acid cycle and electron transport chain glycolysis and preparatory reaction glycolysis and citric acid cycle

preparatory reaction and citric acid cycle

What is oxidation? addition of H atoms to form molecules removal of H atoms to form new molecules the addition of ATP to a molecule the production of ATP by the use of carbon dioxide oxygen production

removal of H atoms to form new molecules

If three molecules of glucose went through glycolysis and into the citric acid cycle, how many times would the preparatory reaction occur? one two four six twelve

six

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________. stored in food to energy stored in ATP. stored in ATP to energy used to do work of sunlight to energy stored in inorganic compounds stored in ATP to energy stored in food. stored in leaves to energy in food

stored in food to energy stored in ATP.

In cellular respiration, most ATP produced directly as a result of ______. fermentation the electron transport chain the citric acid cycle the preparatory stage the Calvin cycle

the electron transport chain

The production of ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occurs through the removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose. the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP. the capture of solar energy that donates electrons. the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.

the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP.

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate involve the removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP. the removal of phosphate from glucose and the addition of that phosphate to ATP. the removal of NAD from glucose and the addition of phosphate to ADP. the removal of NAD from ATP and the addition of phosphate to ADP. the removal of electrons from ATP and the addition of phosphate to glucose.

the removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.

The energy source that drives the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation is the removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose. the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP. the capture of solar energy that donates electrons. the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.

the removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose.

The products of fermentation depend on the type of organism carrying out the process. Yeasts are used to produce wine, beer, and bread with lactic acid fermentation. only wine and beer with lactic acid fermentation. wine, beer, and bread with alcohol fermentation. wine and beer with alcohol fermentation and bread with lactic acid fermentation. wine with alcohol fermentation and beer and bread with lactic acid fermentation.

wine, beer, and bread with alcohol fermentation.