BIO106 CH7,9,11 & 12
22) The human body contains about ________ sensory neurons A) 10 million B) 20 million C) 100 million D) 200 million E) 1 billion
A) 10 million
10) The olfactory pathway originates with approximately ________ receptors that are collected into ________ bundles of axons. A) 10-20 million; 20 B) 20; 10-20 million C) 1 million; 20 D) 1 million; 200 E) 10-20 million; 1 million
A) 10-20 million; 20
84) Visual pigments are derived from vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) K.
A) A.
19) Efferent fibers carry information from ________ to ________. A) CNS; tissue B) CNS; PNS C) PNS; CNS D) sensory; PNS E) sensory; CNS
A) CNS; tissue
86) A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n) A) ECG. B) MRI. C) coronary ischemia. D) digital subtraction angiography. E) angioplasm.
A) ECG.
82) The pacemaker of the heart is normally the A) SA node. B) AV node. C) AV bundle. D) Purkinje fibers
A) SA node.
69) When referring to Figure 12.1, this view would be described as a(n) ________ view of the heart. A) anterior B) posterior C) medial D) lateral
A) anterior
43) The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.
A) arteries.
47) A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is A) arteriosclerosis. B) balloon angioplasty. C) vasomotion. D) collateral damage.
A) arteriosclerosis.
84) Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called A) atrial systole. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular diastole.
A) atrial systole.
80) The first "lubb" heart sound is associated with A) atrioventricular valves closing. B) atrioventricular valves opening. C) semilunar valves closing. D) semilunar valves opening.
A) atrioventricular valves closing.
16) The structure labeled "C" is called a(n) A) axon. B) dendrite. C) hillock. D) Nissl body. E) axon terminal.
A) axon.
79) A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is A) balloon angioplasty and stent placement. B) pharmaceutical plaque removal. C) angiography. D) MRI. E) bioprosthetic valve replacement.
A) balloon angioplasty and stent placement.
5) The receptors that can provide information on urinary bladder volume and trigger the urination reflex are A) baroreceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) tactile receptors. D) pressure receptors. E) free nerve endings.
A) baroreceptors.
92) The pressure needed to force blood through all of the peripheral capillaries is A) capillary hydrostatic pressure. B) aortic flow. C) stroke volume. D) venous return. E) capillary exchange.
A) capillary hydrostatic pressure.
83) Rods and cones are specialized A) cells with membranous discs. B) cells lacking organelles. C) protein molecules. D) connective tissue. E) epithelial tissue.
A) cells with membranous discs.
4) Nissl bodies are A) clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum. B) mitochondria. C) nuclei. D) Golgi apparatus. E) nucleoli.
A) clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
31) Hair cells that are stimulated by sound waves are found in the A) cochlear duct. B) bony labyrinth. C) vestibule. D) saccule and utricle. E) semicircular canals.
A) cochlear duct.
7) The structure that allows a single neuron to communicate with several other cells is a(n) A) collateral. B) axon terminal. C) hillock. D) Nissl body.
A) collateral.
2) Blood is a type of ________ tissue. A) connective B) epithelial C) muscular D) nervous
A) connective
54) Which of the following is an example of a cortical function with no known region? A) consciousness B) emotion C) motor cortex D) sensory cortex
A) consciousness
74) The amount of light refracted by the cornea is A) constant. B) controlled by the papillary muscles. C) controlled by the lens. D) controlled by the pupil. E) controlled by the vitreous body.
A) constant.
77) Structure "A" is called the A) corpus callosum. B) pineal gland. C) thalamus. D) hypothalamus. E) cerebellum.
A) corpus callosum
12) Most information received by neurons enters at A) dendrites. B) axons. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) the cell body.
A) dendrites.
31) A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n) A) embolus. B) embolism. C) infarction. D) thrombus. E) thrombolus.
A) embolus.
22) The structure labeled "A" is called the A) external acoustic meatus. B) auditory tube. C) Eustachian tube. D) auricle. E) cochlea.
A) external acoustic meatus.
55) The structure labeled "A" is called the ________ lobe. A) frontal B) occipital C) parietal D) temporal
A) frontal
38) The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter is A) glutamine. B) acetylcholine. C) serotonin. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.
A) glutamine.
14) The abundant protein component of red blood cells is A) hemoglobin. B) hematocrit. C) fibrinogen. D) albumin. E) globulin.
A) hemoglobin.
71) The brain region that coordinates the activity of the endocrine and nervous systems is the A) hypothalamus. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) medulla oblongata.
A) hypothalamus.
33) Depolarization is characterized by a(n) A) increase of Na inside. B) decrease of Na inside. C) increase of K inside. D) decrease of K outside. E) decrease of Na outside.
A) increase of Na inside.
93) As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays unchanged.
A) increases.
85) The spinal nerve T1 emerges ________ vertebra T1. A) inferior to B) superior to C) medial to D) lateral to E) within the
A) inferior to
64) Which layer contains the pigments that determine eye color? A) iris B) choroid C) corneal limbus D) ciliary body E) lens
A) iris
63) The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are separated by the A) iris. B) choroid. C) corneal limbus. D) ciliary body. E) lens.
A) iris.
22) Red blood cells travelling through veins A) lack oxygen and are burgundy. B) lack oxygen and are bright red. C) are oxygenated and are burgundy. D) are oxygenated and are bright red.
A) lack oxygen and are burgundy.
20) The ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane is the A) malleus. B) incus. C) stapes. D) mastoid. E) temporal.
A) malleus.
23) The structure labeled "B" is called the A) malleus. B) incus. C) stapes. D) cochlea.
A) malleus.
33) A common location for venipuncture is the A) median cubital vein. B) aorta. C) vena cava. D) carotid artery. E) jugular vein.
A) median cubital vein.
31) When there are more negative charges inside than outside the cell, the membrane has a ________ potential. A) negative B) positive C) neutral
A) negative
26) The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the A) neutrophil. B) eosinophil. C) basophil. D) monocyte. E) lymphocyte.
A) neutrophil.
41) The frequency of sound represents the A) number of cycles in a given time. B) amplitude of the wave. C) length of the wave. D) speed of the waves. E) pressure of the waves.
A) number of cycles in a given time.
77) When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________. A) open; closed B) open; open C) closed; closed D) closed; open
A) open; closed
36) The structures that are responsible for perceiving the sensation of linear acceleration are A) otoliths. B) crista. C) cupolas. D) tectorial membranes. E) basilar membranes.
A) otoliths.
8) The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are A) platelets. B) red blood cells. C) white blood cells. D) plasma proteins. E) inorganic molecules.
A) platelets.
60) The vitreous body is found within the A) posterior cavity. B) posterior chamber. C) anterior cavity. D) anterior chamber.
A) posterior cavity.
56) The structure labeled "B" is called the A) precentral gyrus. B) postcentral gyrus. C) occipital lobe. D) parietal lobe. E) temporal lobe.
A) precentral gyrus.
69) The ability to predict the consequence of an action is located in the A) prefrontal cortex. B) right cerebral hemisphere. C) gustatory cortex. D) olfactory receptors. E) left cerebral hemisphere.
A) prefrontal cortex.
59) Touch receptor information is received by the A) primary sensory cortex. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) frontal eye field. E) visual association area.
A) primary sensory cortex.
53) The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic
A) pulmonary
54) The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic
A) pulmonary
41) The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the A) pulmonary circuit. B) systemic circuit. C) arteries. D) capillary bed. E) afferent circuit.
A) pulmonary circuit.
72) The vessel labeled "A" is the A) pulmonary veins. B) pulmonary arteries. C) aorta. D) superior vena cava. E) coronary artery.
A) pulmonary veins.
25) When a cell is not active, its membrane potential is referred to as a(n) ________ potential. A) resting B) action C) synaptic D) graded E) recessive
A) resting
78) The photoreceptors that enable sight in dimly lit conditions are A) rods. B) cones. C) retinas. D) lenses. E) corneas.
A) rods.
53) The name of the layer of tissue labeled "A" is A) sclera. B) choroid coat. C) retina. D) cornea. E) suspensory ligaments.
A) sclera.
28) The part of the inner ear that monitors three planes or rotational movement is called the A) semicircular canals. B) bony labyrinth. C) cochlea. D) utricle and saccule. E) oval window.
A) semicircular canals.
30) The receptors stimulated by rotation of the head lie in the A) semicircular canals. B) bony labyrinth. C) cochlea. D) utricle and saccule. E) oval window.
A) semicircular canals.
24) Problems do NOT develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because A) sensitization has not occurred. B) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-positive mothers. C) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-negative fetuses. D) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-positive fetuses.
A) sensitization has not occurred.
1) The skeletal muscles are innervated by the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) central C) autonomic D) sympathetic E) parasympathetic
A) somatic
61) The area of the cortex responsible for coordination of learned movements is the A) somatic motor association area. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) Broca area. E) visual association area.
A) somatic motor association area.
24) The motor neurons over which you have conscious control are A) somatic. B) visceral. C) cardiac. D) glandular.
A) somatic.
58) The bone lying anterior to the heart is the A) sternum. B) clavicle. C) scapula. D) os coxa. E) humerus.
A) sternum.
65) When a teen rolls her eyes, which muscles are in use? A) superior and inferior oblique B) medial rectus C) superior and inferior rectus D) medial and lateral rectus E) lateral rectus
A) superior and inferior oblique
65) The right atrium receives blood from the A) superior and inferior vena cava. B) right and left pulmonary veins. C) right and left pulmonary arteries. D) aortic arch.
A) superior and inferior vena cava.
36) Neurotransmitters at pre-synaptic axons are found in A) synaptic vesicles. B) synapses. C) axons. D) dendrites. E) hillocks.
A) synaptic vesicles.
87) An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called A) tachycardia. B) brachycardia. C) resting heart rate. D) QRS complex. E) parasympathetic.
A) tachycardia.
21) Somatic sensory neurons monitor A) the outside world. B) internal conditions. C) organ systems. D) glandular secretions. E) cardiac function.
A) the outside world.
32) The point at which a graded potential will produce an action potential is called A) threshold. B) continuous propagation. C) saltatory propagation. D) action potential. E) repolarization.
A) threshold.
12) Most gustatory receptors are distributed on the A) tongue. B) palate. C) nasal cavity. D) cribiform plate. E) external meatus.
A) tongue.
34) Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited A) two copies of the sickling gene. B) one copy of the sickling gene. C) an inability to bind iron. D) a complete inability to produce hemoglobin. E) no copies of the sickling gene.
A) two copies of the sickling gene.
28) Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called A) vascular spasm. B) coagulation. C) embolus. D) thrombus. E) platelet plug.
A) vascular spasm.
91) The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is A) venous return. B) venous pressure. C) cardiac output. D) peripheral resistance. E) capillary exchange.
A) venous return.
42) Enlarged chambers in the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called A) ventricles. B) canals. C) fissures. D) foramen. E) sulci.
A) ventricles.
23) The human body contains about ________ motor neurons. A) 1 million B) 1/2 million C) 10 million D) 20 million E) 100 million
B) 1/2 million
18) A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is A) 10 g/dl. B) 12-16 g/dl. C) 20 g/dl. D) 25 g/dl. E) 50 g/dl.
B) 12-16 g/dl.
14) Choose the answer that place the following events in the olfactory pathway into their appropriate order. 1. Axons collect into bundles 2. Chemicals stimulate neurons 3. First synapse in olfactory bulb 4. Reaches olfactory cortex 5. Travels olfactory tract A) 2; 1; 3; 4; 5 B) 2; 1; 3; 5; 4 C) 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 D) 1; 2; 5; 3; 4 E) 1; 3; 5; 4; 2
B) 2; 1; 3; 5; 4
11) The minimum number of odorant molecules required to activate a receptor is A) 1. B) 4. C) 40. D) 100. E) 1000.
B) 4.
9) The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent. A) 30 B) 42 C) 75 D) 99 E) 4
B) 42
85) If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the A) SA node. B) AV node. C) AV bundle. D) Purkinje fibers.
B) AV node.
37) The neurotransmitter usually released at neuromuscular junctions is A) glutamine. B) acetylcholine. C) serotonin. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.
B) acetylcholine.
29) The structure that surrounds and protects the receptors of hearing is the A) semicircular canals. B) bony labyrinth. C) cochlea. D) utricle and saccule. E) oval window.
B) bony labyrinth.
5) Most of the neuron organelles are contained in the A) neurotubule. B) cell body. C) dendrite. D) axon hillock. E) axon terminal.
B) cell body.
43) The slender canal running between the third and fourth ventricles is called the A) ventricle. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) fissure. D) foramen. E) sulci.
B) cerebral aqueduct.
6) Specialized neurons that can detect small changes in concentrations of specific compounds are A) baroreceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) tactile receptors. D) pressure receptors. E) free nerve endings.
B) chemoreceptors.
79) The photoreceptors responsible for color vision are A) rods. B) cones. C) retinas. D) lenses. E) corneas.
B) cones.
58) Which choice correctly represents the path of light into the eye? A) cornea; lens; iris B) cornea; iris; lens C) iris; lens; cornea D) iris; cornea; lens
B) cornea; iris; lens
48) The tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres is called the A) basal nuclei. B) corpus callosum. C) pons. D) medulla. E) cerebral aqueduct.
B) corpus callosum.
39) The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by A) Plasmodium entering and rupturing all tissue cells. B) damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs. C) sickled red blood cells. D) anemia. E) infected liver cells that enter the blood stream.
B) damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs.
14) The structure labeled "A" is called a(n) A) axon. B) dendrite. C) hillock. D) cell body. E) axon terminal.
B) dendrite.
76) The right atrium receives A) oxygenated blood from the vena cava. B) deoxygenated blood from the vena cava. C) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. D) deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. E) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery.
B) deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.
57) The veins of the systemic circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.
B) deoxygenated blood to the heart.
88) A comparison of the relative positions of objects received by two eyes allows for A) tunnel vision. B) depth perception. C) color sight. D) night vision. E) nearsightedness.
B) depth perception.
51) The meningeal layer that is fused to the periosteum of the cranium is the A) arachnoid mater. B) dura mater. C) pia mater. D) subarachnoid space.
B) dura mater.
80) The instrument used to monitor neural function measures ________ and is called an ________. A) electrical fields; ECG B) electrical fields; EEG C) ion levels; EKG D) ion levels; EEG E) pH; EEG
B) electrical fields; EEG
74) The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is the A) foramen ovale. B) fossa ovalis. C) atrioventricular valve. D) interatrial septum. E) interventricular septum.
B) fossa ovalis.
1) Receptors whose dendrites are unprotected by accessory structures are called A) special senses. B) free nerve ends. C) baroreceptors. D) photoreceptors. E) mechanoreceptors.
B) free nerve ends.
37) A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is A) sickle cell anemia. B) hemophilia. C) malaria. D) septicemia. E) embolus.
B) hemophilia.
43) A sound with 16,000 Hertz frequency is perceived as A) low pitch. B) high pitch. C) soft. D) dampened. E) musical.
B) high pitch.
12) Adult males typically have ________ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________. A) higher; estrogen B) higher; androgens C) lower; estrogen D) lower; androgens
B) higher; androgens
44) The brain region that acts as a center for hormonal production is called the A) thalamus. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) midbrain.
B) hypothalamus.
66) An eye injury severs the lateral rectus muscle. What is the consequence? A) blindness B) inability to look to the side C) inability to look up D) inability to roll the eyes E) inability to look down
B) inability to look to the side
29) Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called A) vascular spasm. B) infarction. C) embolus. D) thrombus. E) platelet plug.
B) infarction.
20) The neurons responsible for higher functions such as learning are A) peripheral neurons. B) interneurons. C) somatic neurons. D) visceral neurons. E) sensory neurons.
B) interneurons.
77) Older individuals often can no longer focus on close objects because the A) lenses become cloudy. B) lenses lose elasticity. C) cornea becomes cloudy. D) cornea loses elasticity. E) retina deteriorates.
B) lenses lose elasticity.
73) Vessel "A" carries blood from the A) heart to the lungs. B) lungs to the heart. C) heart to the lower trunk. D) lower trunk to the heart.
B) lungs to the heart.
7) pH is monitored in the ________ respiratory center by ________. A) cerebrum; chemoreceptors B) medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors C) cerebrum; baroreceptors D) medulla oblongata; baroreceptors E) pons; chemoreceptors
B) medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors
16) The tympanic cavity is located in the A) outer ear. B) middle ear. C) inner ear. D) auditory tube. E) external auditory meatus.
B) middle ear.
17) The auditory ossicles are located in the A) outer ear. B) middle ear. C) inner ear. D) auditory tube. E) external auditory meatus.
B) middle ear.
9) The most common neuron type is the ________ neuron. A) bipolar B) multipolar C) unipolar D) tripolar
B) multipolar
45) The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are A) elastic arteries. B) muscular arteries. C) arterioles. D) venules. E) large veins.
B) muscular arteries.
60) The thickest layer of the heart is the A) endocardium. B) myocardium. C) epicardium. D) parietal pericardium. E) visceral pericardium.
B) myocardium.
27) Platelets circulate for A) nine to twelve hours. B) nine to twelve days. C) nine to twelve weeks. D) nine to twelve months. E) a lifetime.
B) nine to twelve days.
58) Structure "C" is called the ________ lobe. A) frontal B) occipital C) parietal D) temporal
B) occipital
80) Blood vessels enter and leave the eye interior through the A) optic disc. B) optic nerve. C) cornea. D) ciliary bodies. E) retina.
B) optic nerve.
62) The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called A) visceral fluid. B) pericardial fluid. C) mucous. D) cerumen. E) saline.
B) pericardial fluid.
1) Which of the following is a role of capillaries? A) maintain blood pressure B) permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids C) house phagocytic white blood cells D) site of hematopoiesis
B) permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids
75) Melatonin is secreted by the ________ and regulates ________. A) visual association center; sleep B) pineal gland; day-night cycles C) emotional center; day-night cycles D) speech center; skin pigmentation E) pineal gland; skin pigmentation
B) pineal gland; day-night cycles
72) Pace and depth of breathing are controlled by the A) hypothalamus. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
7) The most abundant formed elements are A) platelets. B) red blood cells. C) white blood cells. D) plasma proteins. E) inorganic molecules.
B) red blood cells.
13) Blood is able to raise body temperature by A) redistributing heat from body surface to internal core. B) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs. C) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to skin surface. D) raising blood pressure. E) lowering blood pressure.
B) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs.
32) Platelets trigger coagulation by A) producing fibrin. B) releasing clotting factors. C) attacking the endothelium. D) activating surface fibers. E) activating collagen.
B) releasing clotting factors.
66) Face recognition is carried out by the A) somatic motor association area. B) right cerebral hemisphere. C) gustatory cortex. D) olfactory receptors. E) visual association area.
B) right cerebral hemisphere.
3) The largest diversity in general sensory receptors are found in A) heart vessels. B) skin. C) blood. D) the brain. E) the spinal cord.
B) skin.
86) The spinal nerve C2 emerges ________ vertebra C2. A) inferior to B) superior to C) medial to D) lateral to E) within the
B) superior to
35) Transfer of information from one nerve cell to the next occurs at A) synaptic vesicles. B) synapses. C) axons. D) dendrites. E) hillocks.
B) synapses.v
81) The blind spot of the eye is caused by A) ganglions. B) the optic nerve leaving the eye. C) a very high concentration of retinal cells. D) blood vessels. E) collagen build-up.
B) the optic nerve leaving the eye.
66) Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum? A) thymus B) thyroid C) trachea D) esophagus E) heart
B) thyroid
75) The right atrioventricular valve is the A) bicuspid. B) tricuspid. C) aortic semilunar valve. D) pulmonary semilunar valve.
B) tricuspid.
94) During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ________ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases ________. A) two-fold; two-fold B) two-fold; three-fold C) three-fold; five-fold D) five-fold; ten-fold E) three-fold; ten-fold
B) two-fold; three-fold
46) The afferent vessels of the heart are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.
B) veins.
85) When all three color cones are stimulated, the color seen is A) black. B) white. C) gray. D) blue. E) brown.
B) white.
16) A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells. A) 2 million B) 26 million C) 260 million D) 2 billion E) 26 billion
C) 260 million
82) The spectrum of visible light falls between A) 100-400 nm. B) 200-400 nm. C) 400-700 nm. D) 400 -1000 nm. E) 500-1000 nm.
C) 400-700 nm.
3) Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems. A) 2-3 B) 4-5 C) 5-6 D) 10 E) 1-2
C) 5-6
67) The structure labeled "A" is the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) aortic arch. D) pulmonary trunk. E) pulmonary veins.
C) aortic arch.
21) In the middle ear, the mechanical sound waves A) are dampened. B) speed up. C) are amplified. D) are sorted. E) disappear.
C) are amplified.
81) When the cardiac cycle begins, the A) atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both open. B) atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both closed. C) atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed. D) atrioventricular valve is closed and the semilunar valves are open.
C) atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.
63) Expandable extensions of the atrium are called A) ventricles B) sulci C) auricles D) ligamentum arteriosum E) superatria
C) auricles
42) The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.
C) capillaries
2) The major divisions of the nervous system are A) central and autonomic. B) central and somatic. C) central and peripheral. D) somatic and parasympathetic. E) sympathetic and parasympathetic.
C) central and peripheral.
90) The structure labeled "C" is called the A) white matter. B) gray matter. C) central canal. D) dorsal root ganglion. E) tract.
C) central canal.
45) The brain region that coordinates motor communication is called the A) thalamus. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) midbrain.
C) cerebellum.
35) The structure labeled "C" is called a A) nasal septum. B) conchae. C) cochlea. D) semicircular canal. E) vestibule.
C) cochlea.
30) The final step in the coagulation phase is A) activation of Factor X. B) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. C) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. D) platelet plug formation. E) chemotaxis of clotting factors.
C) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
70) The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the A) aortic arch. B) ascending aorta. C) coronary arteries. D) vena cava. E) coronary sinus.
C) coronary arteries.
37) Head rotation is detected by semicircular canals as A) otoliths sliding across hair cells. B) mechanical stimulation of hair cells. C) endolymph moving the cupola on hair cells. D) endolymph moving otoliths across hair cells. E) mechanical stimulation of otoliths.
C) endolymph moving the cupola on hair cells.
6) The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called A) albumin. B) globulin. C) fibrinogen. D) electrolyte. E) salt.
C) fibrinogen.
19) Oxyhemoglobin consists of A) two hemes and an oxygen molecule. B) two oxygen molecule and a heme. C) four oxygen molecules and four hemes. D) two oxygen molecules and two hemes. E) two hemes and four oxygen molecules.
C) four oxygen molecules and four hemes.
83) The best description of the heart is that it is A) a single pump. B) two alternating pumps. C) four paired pumps. D) six paired pumps. E) four alternating pumps.
C) four paired pumps.
39) We interpret pitch when waves of different ________ affect different parts of the basilar membrane. A) resonance B) amplitude C) frequency D) wavelength E) intensity
C) frequency
62) The area of the cortex that receives information from the taste receptors is called the A) somatic motor association area. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) Broca area. E) visual association area.
C) gustatory cortex.
34) Repolarization is characterized by a(n) A) increase of Na inside. B) decrease of Na inside. C) increase of K inside. D) increase of K outside. E) decrease of Na outside.
C) increase of K inside.
15) The sensory organs for equilibrium are located in the A) outer ear. B) middle ear. C) inner ear. D) auditory tube. E) external auditory meatus.
C) inner ear.
54) The structure labeled "B" is called the A) sclera. B) choroid coat. C) iris. D) cornea. E) suspensory ligaments.
C) iris.
38) Shaking the head "no" stimulates the hair cells of the ________ semicircular canals. A) anterior B) posterior C) lateral D) medial E) superior
C) lateral
45) Lacrimal glands pass tears in a(n) ________ to a(n) ________ direction. A) inferior; superior B) medial; lateral C) lateral; medial D) anterior; posterior E) lateral; superior
C) lateral; medial
73) The area of the brainstem that maintains consciousness is the A) hypothalamus. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) medulla oblongata.
C) midbrain.
57) Structure "B" contains the primary ________ cortex. A) sensory B) emotional C) motor D) visceral E) autonomic
C) motor
24) The structure labeled "C" is vibrating against the A) cochlea. B) round window. C) oval window. D) malleus.
C) oval window.
67) The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by A) rectus muscles. B) oblique muscles. C) papillary muscles. D) the cornea. E) the lens.
C) papillary muscles.
72) The autonomic nervous system controls the diameter of the pupil with A) rectus muscles. B) oblique muscles. C) papillary muscles. D) the cornea. E) the lens.
C) papillary muscles.
76) Respiratory depth is controlled by the ________ while basic pace is set by the ________. A) pineal gland; pons B) medulla oblongata; pons C) pons; medulla oblongata D) medulla oblongata; cerebellum E) cerebellum; pons
C) pons; medulla oblongata
57) The structure labeled "D" is called the A) sclera. B) choroid coat. C) retina. D) cornea. E) pupil.
C) retina.
71) The six extrinsic eye muscles insert onto the A) iris. B) choroid. C) sclera. D) ciliary body. E) lens.
C) sclera.
2) Specialized cells that monitor conditions are called A) general senses. B) special senses. C) sensory receptors. D) motor neurons. E) visual neurons.
C) sensory receptors.
39) Hallucinogenic drugs such as Ecstasy target the receptors for A) glutamine. B) acetylcholine. C) serotonin. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.
C) serotonin.
59) There are ________ extrinsic muscles of the eye. A) two B) four C) six D) eight E) ten
C) six
89) Cardiac output depends on A) stroke volume only. B) heart rate only. C) stroke volume and heart rate. D) blood pressure. E) peripheral resistance.
C) stroke volume and heart rate.
55) The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic
C) systemic
78) A typical bioprosthetic valve will provide service for approximately A) one year. B) five years. C) ten years. D) twenty years. E) a full lifetime.
C) ten years.
78) Structure "B" is called the A) corpus callosum. B) pineal gland. C) thalamus. D) hypothalamus. E) cerebellum.
C) thalamus.
44) The event that brings sound wave information into the inner ear is A) pressure waves distorting the basilar membrane. B) hair cells vibrating against tectorial membrane. C) the vibrating movement of the stapes. D) perilymph movement through the scala tympani. E) perilymph movement through the scala vestibuli.
C) the vibrating movement of the stapes.
59) A midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart A) equally into two halves. B) unequally, with most lying on the right side. C) unequally, with most lying on the left side. D) unequally, with most lying superior.
C) unequally, with most lying on the left side.
13) Sensory receptors are generally ________ neurons. A) bipolar B) multipolar C) unipolar D) tripolar
C) unipolar
88) The portion labeled "A" represents the A) white matter. B) myelinated axons. C) unmyelinated axons and cell bodies. D) tracts. E) dorsal root ganglion.
C) unmyelinated axons and cell bodies.
51) Weak venous valves can result in A) arteriosclerosis is a subgroup of atherosclerosis. B) atherosclerosis is a subgroup of arteriosclerosis. C) varicose veins. D) vasoconstriction. E) vasomotion.
C) varicose veins.
52) The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to A) lay flat with feet elevated. B) lay totally flat with legs below the level of the heart. C) walk to contract leg skeletal muscles. D) lay supine with the head above the feet. E) sit and massage the legs to manipulate valves.
C) walk to contract leg skeletal muscles.
17) Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body. A) 1 percent B) 12 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent E) 67 percent
D) 33 percent
18) The neuroglia account for about ________ percent of the volume of the nervous system. A) 1 B) 2 C) 25 D) 50 E) 75
D) 50
13) An adult has about ________ taste buds. A) 5 B) 50 C) 500 D) 5000 E) 5 million
D) 5000
60) The speech center of the cerebrum is known as the A) auditory cortex. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) Broca area. E) visual association area.
D) Broca area.
87) The spinal nerves that exit between the cervical and thoracic vertebral regions are called A) C1. B) C2. C) C7. D) C8. E) T1.
D) C8.
25) Robin has Rh-negative blood. During her first pregnancy she carries an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The pregnancy will likely result in hemolytic disease of the newborn because of mother-baby incompatibility. B) The pregnancy will alter the baby's blood type. C) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and all future pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. D) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. E) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-negative pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
15) The structure labeled "B" is called the A) axon. B) dendrite. C) hillock. D) Nissl body. E) axon terminal.
D) Nissl body.
49) Differing brain sizes have been demonstrated to show which functional difference? A) Larger brains correlate to higher intelligence. B) Smaller brains correlate to higher intelligence. C) Average brain size correlates to higher intelligence. D) No correlation between brain size and intelligence is apparent.
D) No correlation between brain size and intelligence is apparent.
53) The reason the cerebral hemispheres exhibit crossover is to A) improve balance. B) focus and sharpen sensory input. C) allow sensory input to be properly sorted. D) There is no known function.
D) There is no known function.
30) The unequal charge distribution that creates the membrane potential is A) unique to neurons. B) found in all neuroglia and neurons only. C) unique to neurons and muscle. D) a characteristic of all human cells.
D) a characteristic of all human cells.
42) Louder sounds stimulate A) the same number of hair cells as soft sounds. B) the same number of hair cells more vigorously than soft sounds. C) the same number of hair cells for more prolonged time periods than soft sounds. D) a larger number of hair cells than soft sounds. E) the same number of hair cells in different orders than soft sounds.
D) a larger number of hair cells than soft sounds.
91) Spinal taps to collect cerebrospinal fluid occur A) at T12. B) in the cervical region. C) superior to L1. D) between L2 and the sacrum. E) in the sacrum.
D) between L2 and the sacrum.
10) Central nervous system neurons are generally unable to divide because they lack A) a nucleus. B) a nucleolus. C) DNA. D) centrioles. E) mitochondria.
D) centrioles.
76) Focusing is accomplished by A) moving the lens to change the focal depth. B) moving the lens to move the focal depth. C) changing the lens shape to move the focal depth. D) changing the lens shape to change the focal depth.
D) changing the lens shape to change the focal depth.
61) Aqueous humor is secreted by the A) iris. B) choroid. C) corneal limbus. D) ciliary body. E) lens.
D) ciliary body.
86) An individual lacking red cones would suffer from A) blindness. B) nearsightedness. C) farsightedness. D) color blindness. E) tunnel vision.
D) color blindness.
69) The lens consists of A) collagen fiber layers. B) vascularized epithelial tissue. C) calcium carbonate. D) concentric cell layers surrounded by a fibrous capsule. E) keratin.
D) concentric cell layers surrounded by a fibrous capsule.
56) The structure labeled "C" is called the A) sclera. B) choroid coat. C) retina. D) cornea. E) pupil.
D) cornea.
56) The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.
D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.
89) The structure labeled "B" is called the A) white matter. B) gray matter. C) central canal. D) dorsal root ganglion. E) tract.
D) dorsal root ganglion.
87) Normal distance vision is called A) myopia. B) hyperopia. C) hypertropia. D) emmetropia.
D) emmetropia.
46) Margin accessory structures that prevent foreign matter from reaching the eye surface are called A) palpebra. B) medial canthus. C) palpebral fissures. D) eyelashes. E) cornea.
D) eyelashes.
64) Learned eye movements, such as scanning text, occur in the A) auditory cortex. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) frontal eye field. E) general interpretive area.
D) frontal eye field.
38) Anemia can result from inadequate A) copper. B) calcium. C) vitamin K. D) iron. E) magnesium.
D) iron.
64) The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the A) coronary sulcus. B) anterior atrioventricular sulcus. C) auricles. D) ligamentum arteriosum. E) superatria.
D) ligamentum arteriosum.
41) The region of the brain closest to the spinal cord is the A) midbrain. B) cerebrum. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) thalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.
46) The brain region that autonomically regulates heart rate and blood pressure is called the A) thalamus. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata.
26) The structure labeled "E" is the A) external acoustic meatus. B) auditory tube. C) outer ear. D) middle ear. E) inner ear.
D) middle ear.
89) Placing diverging lenses in front of the eye will treat A) emmetropia. B) hypertropia. C) hyperopia. D) myopia.
D) myopia.
48) The structure that drains tears to the nasal cavity is called the A) duct. B) gland. C) canaliculi. D) nasolacrimal duct. E) puncta.
D) nasolacrimal duct.
11) Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) distribution of respiratory gases B) delivery of hormones C) temperature regulation D) neural processing E) defense against diseases
D) neural processing
3) Nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication are A) synapses. B) axons. C) collateral. D) neurons. E) dendrites.
D) neurons.
28) Chemical compounds released by presynaptic cells are called A) action potentials. B) charges. C) ions. D) neurotransmitters. E) calcium.
D) neurotransmitters.
49) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty? A) mortality rate of only 1 percent B) ability to perform as outpatient surgery C) 90 percent success rate D) non-invasive
D) non-invasive
63) The area of the cortex that receives information from the olfactory receptors is called the A) somatic motor association area. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) olfactory receptors. E) visual association area.
D) olfactory receptors.
50) The opening in the center of the iris is called the A) conjunctiva. B) lacrimal apparatus. C) canaliculi. D) pupil. E) puncta.
D) pupil.
33) The structure labeled "A" is called a A) nasal septum. B) conchae. C) cochlea. D) semicircular canal. E) vestibule.
D) semicircular canal.
36) A condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called A) viremia. B) bacteremia. C) pathogenesis. D) septicemia. E) embolus.
D) septicemia.
11) Which of the following NOT part of the sensory division? A) somatic sensory receptors B) special sense receptors C) visceral sense receptors D) skeletal muscles
D) skeletal muscles
26) Extracellular fluid normally contains high levels of A) calcium. B) potassium. C) chloride. D) sodium. E) magnesium.
D) sodium.
52) The meningeal area that contains cerebrospinal fluid is called the A) arachnoid mater. B) dura mater. C) pia mater. D) subarachnoid space.
D) subarachnoid space.
18) Which bone contains the external auditory meatus? A) ethmoid B) sphenoid C) occipital D) temporal E) maxilla
D) temporal
73) Lenses are prevented from assuming a spherical shape by A) the ciliary body. B) a fibrous capsule. C) the vitreous body. D) tension on suspensory ligaments. E) the cornea.
D) tension on suspensory ligaments.
70) The brain area that filters incoming sensory information to the primary sensory control center and subconscious centers is the A) hypothalamus. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) medulla oblongata.
D) thalamus.
9) Which of the following is NOT considered a special sense? A) gustation B) equilibrium C) sight D) touch E) olfaction
D) touch
20) Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells? A) provide a large surface area to volume ratio B) can form stacks for efficient transport C) provide flexibility D) undergo cell division quickly and efficiently
D) undergo cell division quickly and efficiently
88) The T wave of an ECG corresponds to A) atrial systole. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular diastole.
D) ventricular diastole.
4) Blood that has an unaltered composition is called A) fractionated. B) a formed element. C) plasma. D) whole blood. E) hematocrit.
D) whole blood.
90) When the heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 80 mL, what is cardiac output? A) 1500 mL/min B) 150 mL/min C) 56 mL/min D) 560 mL/min E) 5600 mL/min
E) 5600 mL/min
40) The brain contains ________ percent of the body's neural tissue. A) 1 B) 5 C) 15 D) 50 E) 97
E) 97
23) Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood? A) types A, B, and AB B) types B and AB C) type O D) All blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood. E) No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.
E) No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.
32) An embryo sustains developmental damage to the inner ear so that the vestibule and cochlea develop properly but the semicircular canals do not. Which of the following will likely be true? A) The child will be deaf and sustain equilibrium issues. B) The child will be deaf but will have no equilibrium issues. C) The child will have equilibrium issues due to an inability to detect gravity properly. D) The child will only hear loud noises and will not detect soft noises. E) The child will have normal hearing but will have equilibrium issues.
E) The child will have normal hearing but will have equilibrium issues.
75) The process of changing the shape of the lens is called A) facilitation. B) virtual imaging. C) relaxation. D) accompaniment. E) accommodation.
E) accommodation.
48) Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis? A) age B) gender C) cigarette smoking D) high blood pressure E) active lifestyle
E) active lifestyle
68) The tissue accumulating at structure "B" is A) elastic connective tissue. B) a ligament. C) areolar connective tissue. D) endothelial tissue. E) adipose tissue.
E) adipose tissue.
35) The major symptom of leukemia is A) absence of blood cells. B) conversion of red to white blood cells. C) appearance of abnormal platelets and clotting factors. D) appearance of immature and abnormal red blood cells. E) appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.
E) appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.
50) Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum? A) conscious thought B) memory storage C) sensory processing D) regulation of skeletal muscles E) autonomic control
E) autonomic control
17) The structure labeled "D" is called a(n) A) axon. B) dendrite. C) hillock. D) Nissl body. E) axon terminal.
E) axon terminal.
8) Which of the following represents a place where you would NOT find baroreceptors? A) lungs B) aorta C) carotid artery D) urinary tract E) brain
E) brain
40) The clotting pathways require large amounts of A) iron. B) sodium. C) copper. D) hydrogen ions. E) calcium.
E) calcium.
6) The neurotransmitters used in cell-to-cell communication are synthesized in the A) neurotubules. B) vesicles. C) axon. D) dendrites. E) cell body.
E) cell body.
79) Structure "C" is called the A) corpus callosum. B) pineal gland. C) thalamus. D) hypothalamus. E) cerebellum.
E) cerebellum.
68) The primary function of the lens is to A) soften images. B) moderate light entry into eye. C) amplify light signals. D) control the spherical shape of the eyeball. E) change shape to focus on images.
E) change shape to focus on images.
27) The structure labeled "F" is called the A) external acoustic meatus. B) auditory tube. C) semicircular canals. D) auricle. E) cochlea.
E) cochlea.
51) A clear protein layer covering the eye that allows light through is the A) conjunctiva. B) lacrimal apparatus. C) canaliculi. D) pupil. E) cornea.
E) cornea.
40) Hertz is a measure of A) amplitude. B) wavelength. C) decibels. D) speed. E) cycles per second.
E) cycles per second.
52) Which of the following is NOT a function of tears? A) keeping eye surfaces moist and clean B) reducing friction C) removing debris D) providing oxygen and nutrients E) filtering the light as it enters the eye
E) filtering the light as it enters the eye
5) The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the A) fractionated. B) partial blood. C) plasma. D) whole blood. E) hematocrit.
E) hematocrit.
67) Hand movements, including writing, are controlled by the A) somatic motor association area. B) right cerebral hemisphere. C) gustatory cortex. D) olfactory receptors. E) left cerebral hemisphere.
E) left cerebral hemisphere.
68) Analytical tasks, such as math and logic, are generally carried out in the A) somatic motor association area. B) right cerebral hemisphere. C) gustatory cortex. D) olfactory receptors. E) left cerebral hemisphere.
E) left cerebral hemisphere.
71) The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery. A) right coronary B) circumflex C) posterior interventricular D) marginal E) left coronary
E) left coronary
62) The anterior and posterior cavities of the eye are separated by the A) iris. B) choroid. C) corneal limbus. D) ciliary body. E) lens.
E) lens.
47) The antibacterial enzyme present in tears is called A) conjunctivitis. B) tearase. C) lacrimal puncta. D) lacrisase. E) lysozyme.
E) lysozyme
74) The cardiovascular center controlling heart rate is in the A) hypothalamus. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) medulla oblongata.`
E) medulla oblongata.
29) Communication and processing in the nervous system depends on changes in A) ion concentrations. B) membrane protein concentrations. C) membrane ion charge states. D) vesicles. E) membrane ion permeability.
E) membrane ion permeability.
47) The brain region that processes visual and auditory information is called the A) thalamus. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) midbrain.
E) midbrain.
70) Visual information is carried to the brain by the A) iris. B) choroid. C) sclera. D) ciliary body. E) optic nerve.
E) optic nerve.
55) The structure labeled "B" contains an opening for light to pass through that is called the A) sclera. B) choroid coat. C) retina. D) cornea. E) pupil.
E) pupil.
27) The set of unequal charges that develop across the neural membrane are referred to as ________ potential. A) recessive B) action C) synaptic D) graded E) resting
E) resting
4) The sensory receptors associated with hair shafts are called A) tactile, or Meissner, corpuscles. B) lamellated, or pacinian, corpuscles. C) Ruffini corpuscles. D) tactile discs. E) root hair plexuses.
E) root hair plexuses.
25) The structure labeled "D" functions in the perception of A) taste. B) gravity. C) hearing. D) linear acceleration. E) rotation.
E) rotation.
10) The average pH of blood falls in a range of A) totally neutral. B) very acidic. C) slightly acidic. D) very alkaline. E) slightly alkaline.
E) slightly alkaline.
8) Bipolar neurons are commonly found in A) the midbrain. B) the spinal cord. C) the cerebrum. D) neuromuscular junctions. E) special senses.
E) special senses.
21) Arterial blood is bright red because A) blood is bright red at all times. B) the hemes carry carbon dioxide. C) the globins carry oxygen. D) the hemes carry oxygen. E) the globins carry carbon dioxide.
E) the globins carry carbon dioxide.
15) A typical red blood cell lasts A) for a person's lifetime. B) two to three hours. C) two to three days. D) two to three weeks. E) two to three months.
E) two to three months.
44) Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called A) arteriodilation. B) vasoconstriction. C) elastic recoil. D) arterioconstriction. E) vasodilation.
E) vasodilation.
50) The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the A) heart. B) capillaries. C) spleen. D) arteries. E) veins.
E) veins.
34) The area labeled "B" is called the A) nasal septum. B) conchae. C) cochlea. D) semicircular canal. E) vestibule.
E) vestibule.
61) The serous membrane covering the heart is the A) endocardium. B) myocardium. C) endothelium D) parietal pericardium. E) visceral pericardium.
E) visceral pericardium.
65) The ability to read is developed in the A) auditory cortex. B) visual cortex. C) gustatory cortex. D) frontal eye field. E) visual association area.
E) visual association area.
Chapter 7
The Central Nervous System
Chapter 9
The Senses