BIO201: SB1 Assignment

Place the levels of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, from the smallest/simplest at the top to the largest/most complex at the bottom. Instructions

1. Atom 2. Cell 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organism

An organ is best described as which of the following?

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

What is the smallest particle of matter with a unique chemical identity?

Atom

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

Cell

In which of the following does a surgeon learn a procedure on animals before practicing on humans?

Comparative physiology

Study of how biological processes vary in different animal species.

Comparative physiology

Which is an example of a class of tissue?

Connective (tissue)

Corpora is the plural form of

Corpus

Study of cells

Cytology

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Effector

Physiology of hormones.

Endocrinology

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Excitability

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is called which of the following?

Fact

True or false: The study of ultrastructure focuses on examining individual cells, but not the fine details of cells.

False

True or false: The scientific method is based on an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proven false by experimentation or data collection.

False. The scientific method is a way of disciplined reasoning that includes observation, hypothesizing, experimentation, and conclusions. This statement refers to an hypothesis.

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?

Gross Anatomy

Study of all tissues, not just those in disease.

Histology

The study of normal tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials, is called

Histology

Which branch of medicine examines tissues for disease?

Histopathology

Of the following, which one is testable, falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known?

Hypothesis

Which method of reasoning begins with a hypothesis or question and then tries to answer that question?

Hypothetico-deductive method

Terminologia Anatomica

Included Latin and commonly used English terms. Devised in 1998.

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what?

Independently Verified

What is the act of looking at the body called?

Inspection

Which part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action?

Integrating center

What are the benefits of a large sample size? Select all that apply.

It enables us to place greater confidence in the outcome. It controls for chance events. It controls for individual variation.

Which of the following are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

It is consistent with what is already known. It is testable and falsifiable.

Physiology of the nervous system.

Neurophysiology

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

Organ

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called?

Organ system

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

Organism

Taking a pulse by feeling the radial artery is an example of which of the following?

Palpitation

When a doctor feels for a swollen lymph node, what action is she using in her exam?

Palpitation

Study of disease mechanisms.

Pathophysiology

What is the method of having results evaluated by other experts in the field called?

Peer review

Medical mistakes, such as prescribing the wrong dose of medication, can result from failure to consider which of the following?

Physiological variation

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Physiological variations

What is a substance with no significant effect on a subject's physiology but is given to a control group that thinks they are being given the treatment called?

Placebo

Which structure encloses a human cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Positive feedback

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism?

Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

Nomina Anatomica

Purged eponyms from terminology and included only Latin terms. Devised in the late 1800s.

A branch of medicine that utilizes medical imaging technologies to explore the interior of the body.

Radiology

What is a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus called?

Receptor

An international body of anatomists convened in 1998 to standardize anatomical terminology. The result was a book known as the ______, which accepts both Latin and common English equivalents.

Terminologia Anatomica

What does the term dissection refer to?

The process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships.

Students are studying the shape, size, and parts of the heart. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

anatomy

Anatomy is the study of ______.

body structures

An example of a well-designed experiment would have a(n) ______ group, which would receive a placebo, and a(n) ______ group, which would receive the intervention (i.e. treatment) being tested.

control, experiment

The study of individual cells is called ______.

cytology

The term for the process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships is

dissection

Without the use of energy, matter and energy tend to flow ______.

down gradients

Responsiveness is also known as ______.

excitability

In an experiment, the control group is unaltered, while the ____________ group contains the variable being tested.

experimental

A difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another is a physiological _________.

gradient

Students are looking at major arteries and veins on the surface of the heart, which does not require a microscope. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

gross anatomy

If the textbook states a value for a typical human heart rate, you should assume that the value refers to the heart rate of a(n) ______.

healthy 22-year-old

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ______ concentration to a region of ______ concentration.

higher, lower

Match the word elements on the left with the proper description on the right for the word "hypothermia."

hypo -> prefix therm -> root ia -> suffix

Part of a hip bone is an ______, while the final portion of the small intestine is the ______.

ilium, ileum

The ______ method of study is the process of drawing conclusions and making predictions from repeated observation. It is a specific tool within the scientific method.

inductive

The name of a middle-ear bone is ______, while the name of a bony protuberance at the ankle is ______.

malleus, malleolus

Most exploratory surgery has been replaced with ______.

medical imaging techniques

A ________ is made up of two or more atoms.

molecule

Organelles are composed of ______.

molecules

Fill in the correct term for the following sequence: Macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues,_____,organ systems, organism.

organ

A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a living ________.

organism

A(n) ____ review is the method of evaluating results by other experts in that field.

peer

The plural form of phalanx is ______.

phalanges

A _______ is the name of a substance with no significant effect on a subject's physiology but is given to a control group that thinks they are being given the treatment.

placebo

Contractions during childbirth is an example of a ________ feedback mechanism.

positive

The number of animals (or people) used in an experimental study is called the ______ size

sample

Which of the following is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation?

scientific method

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n) .

sensory receptor

A prefix and a ______ are word-elements that modify the core meaning of the root.

suffix

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ ______.

system

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n) ______.

tissue

The name of a back muscle is ______, while the name of a wrist bone is ______.

trapezius, trapezium