BIO202 19.1 Heart Anatomy

Area where vessels unite to allow blood to circulate even if there may be partial blockage in another branch.

Anastomosis

Major branch of the left coronary artery that follows the anterior interventricular sulcus.

Anterior interventricular artery

Sulcus located between the left and right ventricles on the anterior surface of the heart.

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Also, aortic semilunar valve.

Aortic valve

Valve located at the base of the aorta.

Aortic valve

Cardiac septum located between the atria and ventricles; atrioventricular valves are located here.

Atrioventricular septum

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?

Atrioventricular septum

One-way valves located between the atria and ventricles; the valve on the right is called the tricuspid valve, and the one on the left is the mitral or bicuspid valve.

Atrioventricular valves

Upper or receiving chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lower chambers just prior to their contraction.

Atrium

Extension of an atrium visible on the superior surface of the heart

Auricle

Mitral valve or left atrioventricular valve.

Bicuspid valve

Valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; consists of two flaps of tissue.

Bicuspid valve

Depression in the medial surface of the inferior lobe of the left lung where the apex of the heart is located.

Cardiac notch

Includes four rings that surround the openings between the atria and ventricles, and the openings to the pulmonary trunk and aorta.

Cardiac skeleton

Reinforced connective tissue located within the atrioventricular septum.

Cardiac skeleton

The point of attachment for the heart valves.

Cardiac skeleton

Muscle cell of the heart.

Cardiomyocyte

String-like extensions of tough connective tissue that extend from the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles.

Chordae tendineae

Composed of endothelium reinforced with a thin layer of connective tissue that binds to the myocardium.

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart lining the heart chambers and heart valves.

Endocardium

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors.

Endocardium

Layer of smooth, simple squamous epithelium that lines the endocardium and blood vessels.

Endothelium

Surface arteries of the heart that generally follow the sulci.

Epicardial coronary arteries

Innermost layer of the serous pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall.

Epicardium

Opening in the fetal heart that allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the fetal pulmonary circuit.

Foramen ovale

Large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the inferior portion of the body.

Inferior vena cava

Cardiac septum located between the two atria; contains the fossa ovalis after birth.

Interatrial septum

Cardiac septum located between the two ventricles.

Interventricular septum

Also, mitral valve or bicuspid valve.

Left atrioventricular valve

The __________ receives blood from the pulmonary circuit that flows into the left ventricle.

Left atrium

The __________ feeds the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum.

Left coronary artery

The __________ is the major pumping chamber on the lower left side of the heart that ejects blood into the systemic circuit via the aorta and receives blood from the left atrium.

Left ventricle

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________.

Left ventricle

Branches of the right coronary artery that supply blood to the superficial portions of the right ventricle.

Marginal arteries

Simple squamous epithelial portion of serous membranes, such as the superficial portion of the epicardium (the visceral pericardium) and the deepest portion of the pericardium (the parietal pericardium).

Mesothelium

Vessel that parallels and drains the areas supplied by the posterior interventricular artery; drains into the great cardiac vein.

Middle cardiac vein

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Mitral

Also, left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid valve.

Mitral valve

Band of myocardium covered by endocardium that arises from the inferior portion of the interventricular septum in the right ventricle and crosses to the anterior papillary muscle.

Moderator band

Contains conductile fibers that carry electrical signals followed by contraction of the heart.

Moderator band

Thickest layer of the heart.

Myocardium

Extension of the myocardium in the ventricles to which the chordae tendineae attach.

Papillary muscle

Muscular ridges seen on the anterior surface of the right atrium.

Pectinate muscles

Also, pericardium.

Pericardial sac

Also, pericardial sac.

Pericardium

Vessel that parallels and drains the areas supplied by the marginal artery branch of the circumflex artery; drains into the great cardiac vein.

Posterior cardiac vein

Also, posterior descending artery.

Posterior interventricular artery

Left and right branches of the pulmonary trunk that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to each of the lungs.

Pulmonary arteries

Blood flow to and from the lungs.

Pulmonary circuit

Also, pulmonary semilunar valve, the pulmonic valve, or the right semilunar valve.

Pulmonary valve

Valves located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and at the base of the aorta.

Semilunar valves

Parallels the right coronary artery and drains blood from the posterior surfaces of the right atrium and ventricle; drains into the great cardiac vein.

Small cardiac vein

Fat-filled groove visible on the surface of the heart; coronary vessels are also located in these areas.

Sulcus

Large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the superior portion of the body.

Superior vena cava

Blood flow to and from virtually all of the tissues of the body.

Systemic circuit

Lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart.

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

In the cardiovascular system, a specialized structure located within the heart or vessels that ensures one-way flow of blood.

Valve

One of the primary pumping chambers of the heart located in the lower portion of the heart.

Ventricle

Branch of the left coronary artery that follows coronary sulcus.

Circumflex artery

Parallels the anterior interventricular artery and drains the areas supplied by this vessel.

Great cardiac vein

Thickest layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle cells built upon a framework of primarily collagenous fibers and blood vessels that supply it and the nervous fibers that help to regulate it.

Myocardium

Cavity surrounding the heart filled with a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart contracts.

Pericardial cavity

Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures.

Pericardial sac.

Branch of the right coronary artery that runs along the posterior portion of the interventricular sulcus toward the apex of the heart and gives rise to branches that supply the interventricular septum and portions of both ventricles.

Posterior interventricular artery

Sulcus located between the left and right ventricles on the posterior surface of the heart.

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lungs where gas exchange occurs: carbon dioxide exits the blood and oxygen enters.

Pulmonary capillaries

Divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries.

Pulmonary trunk

Large arterial vessel that carries blood ejected from the right ventricle.

Pulmonary trunk

Also, tricuspid valve.

Right atrioventricular valve

Valve located between the right atrium and ventricle; consists of three flaps of tissue.

Right atrioventricular valve

The __________ receives blood from the systemic circuit that flows into the right ventricle.

Right atrium

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?

Right atrium

Flap of tissue in the fetus that covers the foramen ovale within a few seconds after birth.

Septum primum

Ridges of muscle covered by endocardium located in the ventricles.

Trabeculae carneae

Term used most often in clinical settings for the right atrioventricular valve.

Tricuspid valve

Consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.

Pericardial sac

Vessels that parallel the small cardiac arteries and drain the anterior surface of the right ventricle; bypass the coronary sinus and drain directly into the right atrium.

Anterior cardiac veins

Branches of the ascending aorta that supply blood to the heart.

Coronary arteries

Large, thin-walled vein on the posterior surface of the heart that lies within the atrioventricular sulcus and drains the heart myocardium directly into the right atrium.

Coronary sinus

Sulcus that marks the boundary between the atria and ventricles.

Coronary sulcus

Vessels that drain the heart and generally parallel the large surface arteries.

Coronary veins

Vessel that follows the interventricular sulcus on the anterior surface of the heart and flows along the coronary sulcus into the coronary sinus on the posterior surface.

Great cardiac vein

Pathological enlargement of the heart, generally for no known reason.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Valve at the base of the pulmonary trunk that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle; consists of three flaps.

Pulmonary valve

Veins that carry highly oxygenated blood into the left atrium, which pumps the blood into the left ventricle, which in turn pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and to the many branches of the systemic circuit.

Pulmonary veins

The __________ feeds the right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and the heart conduction system.

Right coronary artery

The __________ is the major pumping chamber on the lower right side of the heart that ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary trunk and receives blood from the right atrium.

Right ventricle

Walls or partitions that divide the heart into chambers.

Septum