BIO272- Blood Pressure

What do chemoreceptors detect? Choose ALL that apply.

CO2 level, O2 level, pH level

How does decreasing the heart rate affect the blood pressure?

Decreases Decreasing the heart rate decreases the cardiac output, which decreases the blood pressure.

When baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, what happens to the blood pressure?

decrease blood pressure Barorectors affect the blood pressure in two ways: they send signals to the vasomotor center to cause vasodilation in the viscera and they send signals to the cardiac center to reduce the heart rate. Both of these decrease the blood pressure.

When baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, what happens to the heart rate?

decrease heart rate

How do smooth blood vessels affect the blood pressure?

decreases Smooth vessels reduce the resistance (makes it easier for blood to flow) which decreases the blood pressure.

cardiac output=

heart rate x stroke volume

How does local vasodilation an a few specific areas of the body affect the blood pressure?

no effects on blood pressure Local regulation of vasomotion is important for controlling blood flow to specific tissues, but it does not typically have an effect on the blood pressure.

When is epinephrine released?

to prepare the body for sudden activity

When chemoreceptors detect low O2 or high CO2, what happens in the viscera?

vasoconstriction

How does activation of sympathetic neurons in vasomotor center affect blood vessels? Choose BOTH that apply.

vasoconstriction in viscera no effect on skeletal muscle The sympathetic neurons in the vasomotor center cause vasoconstriction in the viscera. In general, the sympathetic nervous system causes vasodilation in the skeletal muscle, but the vasomotor center doesn't affect sympathetic neurons going to the skeletal muscle, so there is no effect.

When baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, what happens in the viscera?

vasodilation

When is renin released to increase angiotensin II?

when blood pressure is low in the kidneys

Which organ releases renin to regulate angiotensin II?

kidneys

When baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, what happens in the cardiac center (cardiac center - not vasomotor center)?

activate parasympathetic neurons

When chemoreceptors detect low O2 or high CO2, what happens in the vasomotor center?

activate sympathetic neurons

Which of the following are effects of angiotensin II? Choose ALL that apply.

activates the sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction increases blood pressure increases production of ADH increases production of aldosterone

Which organ releases epinephrine?

adrenal gland

Where are baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located? Choose BOTH that apply.

aorta and carotid arteries

What do baroreceptors detect?

blood pressure

Which of the following determine the total peripheral resistance?

blood vessel diameter, condition of blood vessel, viscosity of the blood

Which of the following cause relaxation of the precapillary sphincters and vasodilation in specific local areas of tissue? Choose ALL that apply.

high CO2, high temperature, low pH, low O2 Low O2, high CO2, low pH, and increasing temperature are all signals that a tissue is active and requires more blood. This causes vasodilation and relaxation of the precapillary sphincters to bring more blood to the specific area. Blood pressure and cardiac output may regulate vasomotion throughout the body, but they do not affect specific local areas of tissue.

When chemoreceptors detect low O2 or high CO2, what happens to the blood pressure?

increas blood pressure

How does epinephrine affect the blood pressure?

increase blood pressure

How does epinephrine affect the body? Choose ALL that apply.

increase heart rate vasoconstriction in the viscera vasodilation in the skeletal muscle

How does increasing the preload affect the blood pressure?

increases Increasing the preload (more blood in the heart before systole) increases the cardiac output, which increases the blood pressure.

How does polycythemia affect the blood pressure?

increases Polycythemia (high RBC count) increases the viscosity of the blood, which increases the resistance and increases the blood pressure.

How does exercise affect the blood pressure?

increases Exercise increases the HR and increases the return of blood to the heart. Both of these increase the cardiac output and increase the blood pressure.

How does increasing the peripheral resistance affect the blood pressure?

increases Increasing the resistance increases the blood pressure.

How does vasoconstriction affect the blood pressure?

increases Vasoconstriction increases the resistance (makes it harder for the blood to flow) which increases the blood pressure.

When baroreceptors detect high blood pressure, what happens in the vasomotor center?

inhibit sympathetic neurons