BioChem Review Questions

83.Four of the five substances listed below are carbohydrates. Select the exception. a.glycine b.cellulose c.starch d.sucrose e.glycogen

A

A --COOH group is a(n) ____ group. a.carboxyl b.hydroxyl c.amino d.methyl e.carbonyl

A

Amino acids are the building blocks for a.proteins. b.carbohydrates. c.lipids. d.nucleic acids e.most macromolecules.

A

Cellulose is a.a polysaccharide found in cell walls. b.a component of cell membranes. c.an oligosaccharide. d.formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides. e.a component of invertebrate exoskeletons.

A

Four of the five choices listed below are functional groups. Select the exception. a.sterol b.amino c.carboxyl d.hydroxyl e.aldehyde

A

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by a.animals. b.plants. c.protistans. d.bacteria. e.fungi.

A

If the cuticle were removed from an apple while leaving the skin intact, the apple would a.lose water and dehydrate. b.rot immediately. c.lose its color. d.begin to swell as it absorbs moisture from the air. e.all of these

A

Like other animals, penguins of the north can keep warm because of layers and patches of ____ in their bodies. a.adipose tissue. b.proteins. c.carbohydrates. d.sterols. e.phospholipids.

A

Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of a.starch. b.glycogen. c.glucose. d.cellulose. e.fats.

A

Polyunsaturated fats a.have more hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats. b.are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats. c.have no double bonds. d.are solid at room temperature. e.none of these

A

The interaction of four polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is its ____ structure a.quaternary b.secondary c.primary d.tertiary e.combined

A

The nucleotide associated with chemical messages is a.cyclic AMP. b.FAD. c.NAD+. d.ATP. e.all of these

A

The sequence of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins. a.primary b.secondary c.tertiary d.quaternary e.stereo

A

What kind of bond exists between two amino acids in a protein?a.peptide b.ionic c.hydrogen d.amino e.sulfhydroxyl

A

Which of the following is NOT found in every nucleic acid? a.ribose b.a phosphate group c.a single-ring base d.a double-ring base e.nitrogen

A

Which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?a.carbohydrate b.protein c.lipid d.nucleic acid e.steroid

A

An --OH group is a(n) ____ group. a.carboxyl b.hydroxyl c.amino d.methyl e.carbonyl

B

Condensation and hydrolysis are accomplished in cells by a.bonding attraction. b.the action of enzymes. c.spontaneous action. d.functional group interactions. e.all of these

B

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are examples of a.functional nucleotides. b.electron and hydrogen transport nucleotides. c.structural nucleotides. d.polymers. e.chemical messengers.

B

Four of the five molecules listed below are amino acids. Select the exception. a.glycine b.adenine c.phenylalanine d.valine e.tyrosine

B

Sugar dissolves in water because a.sugar is a nonpolar molecule. b.water forms hydrogen bonds with its hydroxyl groups. c.sugar forms rings when it is hydrated. d.water hydrolyzes sugars. e.sugars ionize in water.

B

The figure below illustrates a ____ reaction that produces two ____ and a ____. (diagram included) a.condensation; hydroxyls; polymer b.condensation; water molecules; polymer c.cleavage; water molecules; monomer d.rearrangement; water molecules; polymer e.rearrangement; hydrogen ions; polymer

B

The most plentiful sugar in nature is a.glucose. b.sucrose. c.fructose. d.maltose. e.lactose.

B

When glucose is in short supply, plants will quickly hydrolyze ____. a.glycogen b.starch c.cellulose d.sucrose e.fructose

B

Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer?a.fat; fatty acid b.starch; ribose c.protein; amino acid d.glycogen; glucose e.nucleic acids; nucleotide

B

Which of the following are least likely to mix with nonpolar substances?a.phospholipids b.polysaccharides c.unsaturated fats d.sterols e.saturated fats

B

Which reaction breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules?a.synthesis b.cleavage c.condensation d.polymerization e.both cleavage and condensation

B

____ are the main components of cell membranes. a.Triglycerides b.Phospholipids c.Unsaturated fats d.Steroids e.Fatty acids

B

A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called a.polymers. b.isomers. c.monomers .d.isotopes. e.dimers.

C

All sterols have a.the same number of double bonds. b.one or more fatty acids. c.four rings of carbon to which are attached other atoms. d.the same functional groups. e.the same number and positions of double bonds.

C

An --NH2 group is a(n) ____ group. a.carboxyl b.hydroxyl c.amino d.methyl e.carbonyl

C

Cholesterol is a.synthesized in the large intestine. b.remodeled into vitamin A. c.used in the construction of cell membranes. d.a component of plant cell walls. e.all of these

C

Condensation reactions typically produce a.monomers. b.salts. c.polymers. d.simple sugars. e.amino acids.

C

DNA a.is one of the adenosine phosphates. b.is one of the nucleotide coenzymes. c.contains protein-building instructions. d.translates protein building. e.is single-stranded.

C

Denaturation of proteins may result in all of the following EXCEPT a.breakage of hydrogen bonds. b.loss of three-dimensional structure. c.removal of R groups from amino acids. d.alteration of enzyme activity. e.endangerment of cell's life.

C

Four of the five substances listed below are polysaccharides. Select the exception. a.chitin b.cellulose c.collagen d.starch e.glycogen

C

Four of the five substances listed below are related by a common chemical similarity. Select the exception. a.cellulose b.fat c.amino acid d.protein e.nucleic acid

C

Four of the five sugars listed below are related as members of the same subgroup. Select the exception. a.glucose b.fructose c.cellulose d.ribose e.deoxyribose

C

Glucose and fructose are different a.in the number of carbons they possess. b.in their proportion in sucrose molecules. c.in the way that their atoms are arranged. d.in the number of double bonds they possess. e.both in the way that their atoms are arranged and in the number of double bonds they possess.

C

Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars? a.three-carbon b.four-carbon c.five-carbon d.six-carbone.seven-carbon

C

Primary protein structure is formed by a.hydrophobic interactions. b.hydrogen bonds. c.bonds between amino acids. d.covalent linkages between carbon and oxygen. e.all of these

C

Sucrose is composed of a.two molecules of fructose. b.two molecules of glucose. c.a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose. d.a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose. e.a monosaccharide and a disaccharide.

C

The combination of glucose and galactose forms a.fructose b.maltose. c.lactose. d.sucrose. e.a polysaccharide.

C

The dotted areas in the figure below indicate where ____ reactions will occur to produce ____ and ____. a.condensation; covalent bonds; hydroxyl ions. b.electron transfer; covalent bonds; water molecules. c.condensation; covalent bonds; water molecules. d.cleavage; covalent bonds; hydrogen ions. e.condensation; ionic bonds; hydrogen ions.

C

What kind of reaction produces large molecules by linking small molecules?a.oxidation b.reduction c.condensation d.hydrolysis e.decarboxylation

C

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?a.protein b.polysaccharide c.nucleotide d.lipid e.nucleic acid

C

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?a.starch b.nucleic acid c.triglyceride d.protein e.polysaccharide

C

A --CH3 group is a(n) ____ group. a.carboxyl b.hydroxyl c.amino d.methyl e.carbonyl

D

Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a protein?a.disulfide b.hydrogen c.ionic d.peptide e.none of these

D

Chitin is a polysaccharide with ____ atoms attached to the glucose backbone. a.magnesium b.phosphorus c.potassium d.nitrogen e.sulfur

D

Four of the five substances listed below are lipids. Select the exception. a.triglyceride b.wax c.butter d.hemoglobin e.steroid

D

Glucose and fructose a.form rings with the same number of carbon atoms. b.both have an oxygen atom as part of their ring structure. c.are alike in that both have identical functional groups. d.contain the same number of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups. e.are disaccharides.

D

Glucose and ribose a.have the same number of carbon atoms. b.have the same structural formulas. c.are the two components of sucrose. d.are monosaccharides.e.are both components of RNA.

D

Nucleotides are the building blocks for a.proteins. b.steroids. c.lipids. d.ATP, NAD+, and FAD. e.carbohydrates.

D

The R group found in amino acids consists of a.an amine group. b.a hydroxyl group. c.a carboxyl group. d.at least a hydrogen atom. e.an amine group and a carboxyl group.

D

The backbone of organic molecules consists of covalently bonded ____ atoms. a.oxygen b.hydrogen c.functional-group d.carbon e.all of these

D

The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water is what kind of reaction? a.oxidation b.reduction c.condensation d.hydrolysis e.decarboxylation

D

The figure below illustrates one possible ____ structure of ____. (diagram) a.primary; proteins b.primary; carbohydrates c.primary; lipids d.secondary; proteinse.tertiary; proteins

D

The sixth amino acid in normal hemoglobin is glutamate, but it is replaced by ____ in sickle-cell anemia. a.histidine b.proline c.leucine d.valine e.threonine

D

Triglycerides are a.carbohydrates. b.nucleotides. c.proteins. d.neutral fats. e.amino acids.

D

Which is NOT a monosaccharide?a.glucose b.fructose c.deoxyribose d.starch e.ribose

D

Which nucleotide readily transfers phosphates to other molecules making them more reactive?a.cyclic AMP. b.FAD. c.NAD+. d.ATP. e.all of these

D

Which of the following does NOT describe some aspect of polysaccharides? a.energy storage b.straight or branched chain c.glucose subunits d.contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms e.produced by condensation reactions

D

Which of the following is NOT a known dysfunction in the expression of sickle-cell anemia? a.impaired brain function b.rheumatism c.heart failure d.excessive absorption of oxygen causing the cell to swell e.enlarged spleen

D

Which of these components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion? a.sugar (in the dressing) b.oil (lipid) c.starch (in the croutons) d.cellulose (lettuce leaves) e.protein (in bacon bits)

D

____ are long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols. a.Triglycerides b.Phospholipids c.Sterols d.Waxes e.Most neutral fats

D

Cholesterol a.has a rigid backbone of four carbon rings. b.is the most common sterol in animal tissue. c.is a lipid without a fatty-acid component. d.is needed to produce sexual development and maturity. e.all of these

E

Cholesterol can be remodeled into a.bile salts. b.sex hormones. c.steroids. d.vitamin D e.all of these

E

Four of the five sugars listed below are related as members of the same subgroup. Select the exception. a.lactose b.sucrose c.maltose d.table sugar e.fructose

E

Fructose and glucose are a.hexoses. b.structurally different. c.monosaccharides. d.simple sugars. e.all of these

E

Fructose and glucose are a.isotopes. b.monosaccharides. c.disaccharides. d.six-carbon sugars e.both monosaccharides and six-carbon sugars.

E

Lipids a.yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates. b.include cartilage and chitin. c.include fats consisting of one fatty-acid molecule and three glycerol molecules. d.are composed of monosaccharides. e.none of these

E

Monosaccharides are characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following? a.a carbonyl group b.carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio c.a molecule of three to seven carbon atoms d.multiple hydroxyl groups e.the presence of glycerol and fatty acids

E

Oils are a.liquid at room temperatures. b.unsaturated fats. c.found only in animals. d.complex carbohydrates. e.both liquid at room temperature and unsaturated fats.

E

Oligosaccharides are used as a.transport molecules in plants. b.storage compounds in both plants and animals. c.side chains on proteins and lipids. d.monomers to form polysaccharides. e.both transport molecules in plants and as side chains on proteins and lipids.____23.

E

Proteins may function as a.structural units. b.hormones .c.storage molecules. d.transport molecules. e.all of these

E

Sterols a.have no fatty-acid component. b.consist of four rings. c.may have different numbers, types, and positions of functional groups attached to them. d.are a specialized type of lipid. e.all of these

E

Sugars are characterized by all EXCEPT which one of the following functional groups?a.hydroxyl b.carbonyl c.ketone d.aldehyde e.methyl

E

The figure below illustrates a(n) (diagram) a.FAD coenzyme. b.cytosine nucleotide. c.thymine nucleotide. d.ATP molecule. e.adenine nucleotide.

E

The final by-products of many condensation reactions are a.carbon dioxide molecules. b.hydrogen ions. c.hydroxyl ions. d.oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. e.water molecules.

E

The secondary structure of proteins may take the form of a.twists. b.bends. c.loops. d.folds. e.all of these

E

Which amino acid possesses the simplest R group?a.proline b.serine c.tryptophan d.cysteine e.glycine

E

Which is a monomer of carbohydrates?a.glycogen b.nucleotide c.glycerol d.peptide e.monosaccharide

E

Which of the following are lipids? a.sterols b.triglycerides c.oils d.waxes e.all of these

E

Which of the following includes all the others?a.sucrose b.glucose c.cellulose d.glycogen e.carbohydrate

E

Which of the following is NOT one of the five categories of enzyme catalyzed reactions?a.functional group transfer b.electron transfer c.condensation d.cleavage e.neutralization

E

Which of the following is NOT true of polysaccharides? a.composed of many linked monosaccharides b.may be straight and unbranched or highly branched c.most likely made of glucose molecules if they are one of the natural polysaccharides d.may be insoluble because of their large size and structure e.are formed by cleavage reactions

E