BIOL 1114 SAPLING CH. 3

Which of these is an organelle, is characterized by stacked, disc shaped structures, and converts energy from the sun into usable sugars for plants?

Chloroplast

Which eukaryotic cell parts is found in the cytoplasm, provides structure and support to the cell, and is composed of interconnected protein fibers?

Cytoskeleton

Select the descriptions that apply to the ribsome

- A cellular structure that is responsible for the synthesis of proteins - A cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein

Which of the statements correctly describe vacuoles?

- Can break down macromolecules - Has little or no internal structure - Membrane-bound organelle

Select all the choices that correctly describe the Golgi apparatus of the cell

- Proteins are modified by this organelle and repackaged into transport vesicles - This organelle is made up of flattened sacs of membrane

At a cellular level, what causes plants to wilt?

- The cell does not have water pressure for support - The vacuole has no water in it, weakening the cell

Which solution could be in the beaker that contains the hypertonic solution?

4% (m/v) NaCl solution

Classify each scenario as best suited for a dissecting microscope, a compound microscope, or an electron microscope

Dissecting microscope: - A geneticist wants to determine if a living fruit fly is male or female - A tropical biologist wants to dissect the members of various ant species Compound microscope: - An ecologist wants to view the living organisms in a drop of pond water - A medical doctor wants to diagnose a fungal infection using a skin scraping Electron microscope: - A vision scientist wants to study the eye structure of a nonliving insect in high resolution - A virologist wants to determine the internal structure of a virus in high resolution

Indicate the capabilities of each microscope

Dissecting: - Can display living samples - Can observe thicker samples Compound: - Can display living animals Electron: - Displays very high-resolution images - Can observe thicker samples

Identify the statements that are properties of integral membrane proteins and those that are properties of peripheral membrane proteins

Integral: - Can extend through the cell membrane - Can move laterally (sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane - Pumps substances across the cell membrane Peripheral: - Found at the surface of the cell membrane

Match each of the characteristics to the part of the lipid bilayer that has that property

Interior: - Hydrophobic - Fatty acid chains - Repelled by polar molecules Surface: - Hydrophilic - Contains phosphate

What cellular component is a membrane-bound organelle that digests nutrients and cellular waste?

Lysosome

Identify which are traits of mitochondria, chloroplasts, or both organelles

Mitochondria: - Breaks down sugar for energy - Has folds of membrane inside - Occur in animal cells Chloroplasts: - Turns sunlight into sugar - Filled with thylakoid stacks Both: - Occur in plant cells - Has a separate set of DNA

Which organelle has a smooth outer membrane, an extensively folded inner membrane, and is the site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrion

Where is the genomic DNA stored in the prokaryotic cell?

Nucleoid

Enzymes that break down organic substances via oxidation reactions

Peroxisomes

Classify the characteristics as being unique to prokaryotic cells, common to both cell types, or unique to eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic: - Relatively small - Lack membrane-bound organelles Both: - Contain DNA - Use ribosomes to synthesize proteins - Have cytoplasm Eukaryotic: - Complete copy of DNA stored in multiple chromosomes

Which of these is a function of cholesterol in a cell's plasma membrane?

Regulating membrane fluidity

Classify the descriptions as either simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and bulk transport

Simple diffusion - movement of solutes into the cell directly through the plasma membrane Facilitated diffusion - movement of solutes into the cell down their concentration gradient using membrane proteins Active transport - movement of solutes into the cell against their concentration gradient using membrane proteins Bulk transport - movement of contents of transport vesicles into the cell by endocytosis

Classify each statement about structure and function as characteristics of smooth ER, rough ER, or both

Smooth ER: - Its surface that faces the cytoplasm lacks ribosomes - It stores calcium ions - A major function is lipid synthesis Rough ER: - A major function is the manufacture of proteins - Its surface that faces the cytoplasm is studded with ribosomes Both: - It forms vesicles that travel to other parts of the cell

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable, or semipermeable, meaning that

The membrane permits the transport of only certain substances

Which choice describes diffusion?

The movement of a substance down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration