Biol 114 unit 3: Sickle-Cell Disease

All of the following statements are true. Which one statement describes the biggest impact that sickle-cell disease has over the organs and organ systems of the body? A. Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot function to transport oxygen in the body B. A lack of blood flow causes kidneys to lose function C. A lack of oxygen results in the body's inability to fight off infection D. Lack of oxygen and blood to the lungs result in pain and shortness of breath

A

Which of the following are considered to be genetic traits and therefore inheritable? A. Eye color B. Tattoos C. An understanding of Spanish D. Facial features, including nose shape, dimples, and freckles

A & D

Hemoglobin consists of two types of globin: ______ and ______.

Alpha; beta

Which of the following statements best describes the role of alveoli in gas exchange?

Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs, so oxygen diffuses into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the red blood cells.

Select the following characteristics of genetic diseases. A. They are caused by pathogenic microbes B. They are caused by mutations on genes C. They are contagious and can be transmitted from person to person D. They are inherited from parent to child

B & D

Within red blood cells, hemoglobin functions to

Bind and transport oxygen as oxyhemoglobin to the tissue cells of the body.

Select the ways that sickle-cell disease impact the respiratory system.

Blocked capillaries result in acute chest syndrome, causing pain, shortness of breath, and a high fever (eventually sickle crisis) Decreased levels of oxygen result in anemia.

Which of the following best defines the information stored in genes? A. Genes store only the information for making DNA B. Genes store only the information for making carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins C. Genes store only the information for making carbohydrates and lipids D. Genes store only the information for making proteins and other gene products

D

Which of the following statements best differentiates between internal respiration and external respiration?

External respiration occurs when red blood cells exchange gases with the environment within the lungs and internal respiration occurs as red blood cells exchange gases at the tissue cells of the body.

The basic units of inheritance that contain information to make proteins and are passed down from parent to offspring are called ______.

Genes

Genetic diseases are caused by

Genetic mutations and can be passed down from parent to offspring over many generations.

Which of the following statements best explains why genetic traits are inheritable?

Genetic traits are controlled by our genes and are passed down over generations from parents to offspring.

The iron-containing molecule found within the center of each globin polypeptide in hemoglobin molecules is called a(n) _____.

Heme group

Which statements best summarizes how hemoglobin is involved in gas exchange?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen within red blood cells, transporting it to tissue cells of the body.

Which of the following statements best explains the function of hemoglobin in the respiratory and circulatory systems?

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells, allowing oxygen to ravel from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body.

Which of the following best explains how the structure of hemoglobin is tied to its function?

Hemoglobin consists of four globin polypeptides, each surrounding an iron-containing heme group. It is the heme group that binds to oxygen, allowing red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body.

Recall what information is stored within genes.

Information for the production of proteins & Information for the production of gene products

As red blood cells enter the alveoli within the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the _____ to the _____.

Lungs; red blood cells

Select the traits that are associated with sickle-cell disease.

Malfunctioning hemoglobin proteins & Red blood cells that are sickle-shaped in appearance.

Select the ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the body.

Mutated hemoglobin molecules cannot adequately transport oxygen, resulting in anemia. Restricted blood flow causes joint pain and kidney failure. Restricted blood flow reduces the body's ability to fight off infection. Misshapen red blood cells block capillaries, preventing blood flow.

Which of the following statements best explains the reason for most of the impacts of sickle-cell on the body?

Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot perform their function in the body.

Which of the following traits are associated with sickle-cell disease?

Mutated hemoglobin proteins that result in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Select the ways that mutated red blood cells impact the circulatory system.

Mutated red blood cells clump together, blocking the flow in capillaries & mutated red blood cells have a sickle-shaped appearance.

Place the following structures in order to describe the pathway of oxygen into the body. Begin with the nasal cavity and mouth.

Nasal cavity and mouth --> pharynx and larynx --> trachea --> bronchi within the lungs --> bronchioles within the lungs --> alveoli within the lungs --> red blood cells within blood capillaries

Which of the following statements best describes the chemical reactions involving oxygen that takes place during gas exchange?

Oxygen binds to the iron in hemoglobin, forming oxyhemoglobin (which is then transported in red blood cells).

Which of the following processes occurs during gas exchange in the body?

Oxygen diffuses into red blood cells within the alveoli of the lungs.

If the partial pressure of oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the blood, which of the following will occur?

Oxygen will diffuse out of the alveoli and into red blood cells.

Within red blood cells, oxygen is transported as _____ and carbon dioxide is transported as _____ acid.

Oxyhemoglobin; carbonic

Hemoglobin molecules are classified as _____.

Proteins

Select the best description of the structure of red blood cells.

Red blood cells have a rounded disk shape and no nucleus

Which of the following sentences best summarizes how the structure of red blood cells impacts their function?

Red blood cells lack nuclei and contain numerous hemoglobin molecules, resulting in a flattened, disc-like shape.

Which of the following best describes the function of red blood cells within the body?

Red blood cells transport gases to and from all tissue cells within the body.

Which of the following best describes the function of red blood cells in the body?

Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

As red blood cells enter the alveoli within the lungs, the carbon dioxide diffuses from the ______ to the ______.

Red blood cells; lungs

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell disease is a good candidate for studying genetic disease?

Sickle-cell disease results from a single mutation on a single gene.

Which of the following best recalls how sickle-cell disease impacts hemoglobin molecules?

Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen hemoglobin molecules that are sticky and clump together. This results in sickle-cell shaped red blood cells.

Complete the sentence: Within the lungs

Small sacs called alveoli interact closely with capillary networks and act as the site of gas exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Select the reasons that sickle-cell disease is ideal for studying genetic diseases.

The inheritance pattern of sickle-cell disease is well understood, A single gene controls sickle-cell disease, & Sickle-cell disease is controlled by a single mutation.

Which of the following traits are controlled entirely by our genes?

The likelihood of developing sickle-cell disease

Select the functions of red blood cells in the body.

Transporting carbon dioxide & oxygen

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system within the body?

Transporting carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs

Select the functions of the circulatory system within the body.

Transporting oxygen throughout the body & transporting nutrients throughout the body

Segments of DNA that control all traits in humans are called ______.

genes

How does sickle-cell disease impact the circulatory system?

mutated hemoglobin clumps together in red blood cells, resulting in their sickle-shape.

Within red blood cells, hemoglobin molecules interact with oxygen to form ______ molecules.

oxyhemoglobin