BIOL 2401 Ch. 11
Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?
antagonists synergists agonists
In general, muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
extend the leg at the knee joint flex the thigh at the hip joint
When any one or all of the posterior muscles of the hamstring group are contracted, the thigh is ______.
extended
Which of the following are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
inferior gemellus obturator internus quadratus femoris superior gemellus piriformis
The thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during ______.
inspiration
The abdominal wall muscles indicated by the letter B in the picture is the ______.
internal oblique muscle
The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.
anterior
The muscles in the ______ compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow.
anterior
The suprahyoid muscles ______ the hyoid bone.
elevate
Contraction of gluteal muscles results in ______.
extension of thigh
Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
iliacus rectus femoris psoas major sartorius
The most laterally placed of the three erector spinae components, the ___________ group, is composed of three parts: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.
iliocostalis
The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.
intrinsic
Identify the extrinsic eye muscles specified in the image of the right eye, lateral view. Item A—Superior . Item B—Inferior
Blank 1: rectus Blank 2: oblique
In the figure, the iliacus is indicated by the letter
C
In the figure, the semimembranosus is indicated by the letter
C
These muscles elevate the ribs and have their origin on the inferior border of the superior rib and their insertion on the superior border of the inferior rib.
External intercostals
True or false: The intrinsic muscles of the foot act primarily to evert and invert the foot.
False
What are tendinous intersections?
Fibrous, perpendicular insertions between successive sheets or blocks of muscle
All of the muscles listed, except one, are innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Select the exception.
Gastrocnemius
What two muscles attach distally to the calcaneal tendon?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
There are three gluteal muscles. Select the one that is correctly matched with its primary action.
Gluteus medius: abducts the thigh
The ___ dorsi is also called the "swimmer's muscle."
Latissimus
You hear a sharp noise to your left causing you to shift your eyes in that direction. Which muscles were responsible for your glance?
Left eye - lateral rectus, right eye - medial rectus
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
The pectoralis minor muscle is a(n) ______ thoracic muscle.
anterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the pectoralis major?
anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax
Which muscle group maintains a person's posture and helps the individual to stand erect?
erector spinae
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.
extend
During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.
increase the space of the thoracic cavity
Muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called ______ muscles.
infrahyoid
Contraction of the diaphragm assists in
inspiration
Which of the following best describe(s) the actions of the subclavius?
it depresses the clavicle it stabilizes the clavicle
Which muscles extend the forearm?
triceps brachii, anconeus
Which extrinsic eye muscle moves through a pulleylike loop?
Superior oblique
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
Several pharynx muscles are innervated by cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve.
True
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectoralis major.
adduction of the arm medial rotation of the arm flexion of the arm
The pectoralis major is an ______ of the arm.
adductor
Which are muscles of the medial thigh compartment?
adductor brevis adductor longus gracilis pectineus adductor magnus obturator externus
Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in ______.
rotation of the thigh
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in ______.
rotation of the thigh extension of the thigh abduction of the thigh
Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
sartorius rectus femoris iliacus psoas major
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings?"
semimembranosus biceps femoris semitendinosus
The _________ is a large, saw-toothed, flat, fan-shaped muscle positioned between the ribs and the scapula.
serratus anterior
The prime mover of scapular protraction is the ______.
serratus anterior
If you were to remove the gastrocnemius muscle, you would expose the
soleus
A circular muscle is also called a(n) ______.
sphincter
The neck muscle indicated by the letter B in the given diagram is the ______.
splenius capitis muscle
Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.
superior
Which of the following are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
superior gemellus piriformis quadratus femoris obturator internus inferior gemellus
The serratus anterior ______.
superiorly rotates the scapula stabilizes the scapula
The rectus abdominis is classified as a convergent muscle.
true
The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment.
true
True or false: All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles.
true
Which is the "kiss muscle" used for puckering the lips?
Orbicularis oris
Contraction of the pectoralis minor ______.
depresses scapula, protracts scapula
The intrinsic foot muscles form a __________ group and a _________ group.
dorsal, plantar
The latissimus ___ is a broad, triangular muscle located on the inferior part of the back.
dorsi
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) ______, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
In the male, which muscle ejects urine or semen, compresses the base of the penis, and helps in formation of an erection?
Bulbospongiosus
Which of the abdominal muscles has its fibers running in an inferomedial direction?
External oblique
In the figure, the long head of the biceps femoris is indicated by the letter
A
Using the figure of the anterior leg, match the letter with the muscle.
A matches Choice fibularis longus B matches Choice gastrocnemius C matches Choice extensor digitorum longus
In the figure, the psoas major is indicated by the letter
B
Identify the muscles as indicated in the inferior views of the male and female superficial pelvic floor muscles. Item A . Item B . Item C .
Blank 1: bulbospongiosus Blank 2: ischiocavernosus Blank 3: levator Blank 4: ani
The muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as either ______.
anterior or posterior
Which of the following identifies the compartments of the thigh?
anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
The orbicularis oris muscle is named for its ______.
arrangement of muscle fascicles and body location
For elbow flexion:
biceps brachii is the agonist and triceps brachii is the antagonist.
The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.
circular
The buccinator muscle ______.
compresses the cheek
For defecation to take place, the puborectalis must
contract
When your shoulders are hunched forward, the pectoralis muscle is ______.
contracting
Within which layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm is the flexor pollicis longus located?
deep layer
Which of the following are muscles that move the glenohumeral joint that originate on the scapula?
deltoid coracobrachialis triceps brachii biceps brachii teres major
The subclavius ______ the clavicle.
depresses
The muscles of the abdominal wall indicated by the letter A in the picture is the ______.
external oblique muscle
Most muscles in the forearm are called ______ muscles of the hand and wrist because these muscles arise from the forearm, not the wrist or hand.
extrinsic
Posterior compartment thigh muscles ______ the knee.
flex
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
flex and extend the toes support the arches abduct and adduct the toes
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
flex the leg at the knee joint adduct the thigh at the hip joint
Many of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm work to _______ the wrist, and they have their proximal attachment on the _______ epicondyle of the humerus.
flex, medial
When the iliacus contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
When the psoas major contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in ______.
flexion of the thigh lateral rotation of the thigh extension of the thigh adduction of the thigh
In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the ______.
gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
Which of the following are the muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh?
gluteus maximus gluteus minimus gluteus medius
Which correctly describes the location of the pectoralis minor?
it is deep to the pectoralis major
Which of the following best describes the location of the serratus anterior?
it is located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula
Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes ______.
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ______.
latissimus dorsi
Which is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint?
latissimus dorsi
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
latissimus dorsi pectoralis major
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the ______.
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
little finger
Which is a muscle of mastication?
masseter
The process of chewing is called
mastication
Which term refers to the process of chewing?
mastication
Muscles of the ___ compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh.
medial
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectoralis major.
medial rotation of the arm adduction of the arm flexion of the arm
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi.
medial rotation of the arm extension of the arm adduction of the arm
When a person blinks, she is using her
orbicularis oculi
The major is the principal flexor of the arm.
pectoralis
The prime mover of the flexion of the arm is the ______.
pectoralis major
The ______ depresses the scapula.
pectoralis minor
The anterior thoracic muscle that protracts and depresses the scapula is the ______.
pectoralis minor
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the ______.
pectoralis minor serratus anterior subclavius
The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
Muscles whose fascicles are arranged in a pattern that resembles a feather are referred to as __________ muscles.
pennate
The biceps femoris is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The semitendinosus is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The serratus anterior helps to the scapula against the ______ side of the rib cage.
posterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the latissimus dorsi?
posterior of body, inferior part of the back
The pectoralis major is an example of a muscle that ______ the scapula.
protracts
When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.
proximal
In addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae ______.
supports and binds the thigh muscles
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
the medial pterygoid muscle the temporalis muscle the lateral pterygoid muscle the masseter muscle
The word "biceps" in the name of a muscle refers to the fact that
the muscle has two tendons of origin
Put in simple terms, the intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ______ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ______ group), and everything in between (the ______ group).
thenar; hypothenar; midpalmar
The anterior muscles of the neck ______ the neck.
to flex
The ending "glossus" on the name of a muscle refers to
tongue
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?
trapezius rhomboid deltoid
The muscles that retract the scapula are the ______.
trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)
In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh , whereas the semimembranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh .
Blank 1: laterally Blank 2: medially
The serratus anterior differs from the subclavius and pectoralis minor in that ______.
it inferiorly attaches to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax
Muscles that move the knee joint ______.
within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
