BIOL Chapter 6

chromosomes

long DNA molecules with proteins, histones, and regulatory elements somatic - 46 germ -23

Ribosomes are found A. Only in the nucleus B. In the cytoplasm. C. Attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D. Only in eukaryotic cells. E. Both B and C

b

Which of the following is a role of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. A. To coordinate the movement of chromosomes within the cell. B. To regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the cell. C. To receive and respond to signals from the environment. D. To define the boundary of the cell. E. To surround and define organelles within a eukaryotic cell

BCDE

central dogma of molecular bio

DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein

Which of the following describes prokaryotic DNA? A. It is circular. B. It is linear. C. It is within a nucleus. D. It is usually larger than eukaryotic DNA. E. They do not have DNA.

a

Which of the following is true regarding cell walls? I. They are only found in bacteria that can be Gram stained II Some organisms that have cell walls can undergo photosynthesis III. They expand when a cell is placed in a hypoosmolar environment A. II only B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II, and III

a

According to this diagram A. The Archaea and Eubacteria are more closely related. B. The Archaea and Eukaryota are more closely related. C. The Eukarya and Eubacteria are more closely related. D. All three groups are equally related.

b

As a result of a walking while texting accident, you have broken your nose and your doctor has prescribed painkillers to help you through this difficult time. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of your use of painkillers? A. The cells in your body will start to produce more mitochondria to help metabolize the painkillers. B. The cells in your body will start to produce more smooth endoplasmic reticula to help metabolize the painkillers. C. The Golgi apparatus will label and package the painkillers for export out of your cells. D. The lysosomes in your cells will hydrolyze the painkillers before they can be effective.

b

How is the phospholipid bilayer oriented? A. Heads face inward towards each other B. Tails face inward towards each other C. One head layer touches the second tail layer D. One layer of phospholipids forms a circle E. Head and tails alternate directions within a layer

b

Insulin is a hormone protein that is secreted from the cells of the pancreas to help regulate blood glucose levels. Because this protein is exported from the cell, one would expect the first amino acids of the protein to be recognized by a __________________. This protein will be produced by __________________. *Hint: Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell and bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes. A. Golgi apparatus ; free ribosomes. B. Signal recognition particle ; bound ribosomes. C. Signal recognition particle ; free ribosomes. D. Microtubule ; bound ribosomes

b

The Fluid Mosaic Model describes parts of the cell membrane such as proteins and phospholipids as _____. A. bound to carbohydrates B. floating laterally throughout the space C. tethered to one place in the membrane D. as hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules E. as existing only on the cytoplasmic side of the cell

b

What part of the mitochondria creates more space for cellular respiration? A. Outer membrane B. Inner membrane C. Matrix D. Integral membrane proteins E. Ribosomes

b

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic? A. Phosphate group B. Fatty acid chain C. The extracellular region D. The intracellular region

b

nucleolus

creates ribosomal subunits rRNA - ribosomal makes ribosomes mRNA - made in nucleus DNA into rRNA tRNA - carries anticodons

MERFF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers) is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene. A man diagnosed with this disease most likely inherited this disease from his A. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome do not cause genetic disorders. B. Father. C. It is equally likely that this disease came from either her mother or father. D. Mother.

d

Prokaryotes divide via binary fission. Which of the following statements is also true of binary fission? A. It is the way sexual reproduction occurs in prokaryotes. B. It produces the genetic variation required for natural selection to occur. C. It produces a large number of daughter cells. D. It results in genetically identical offspring.

d

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Prokaryotes tend to have smaller genomes than eukaryotes. B. Prokaryotes tend to have smaller cells than eukaryotes. C. Prokaryotes tend to have less structural complexity than eukaryotes. D. Prokaryotes tend to have less diversity in how they obtain the necessary resources (energy and carbon) to synthesize organic compounds than eukaryotes.

d

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do. B. Prokaryotic cells are typically larger than eukaryotic cells. C. Eukaryotic cells tend to have a simple cell structure while prokaryotic cells are complex. D. Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells.

d

cell fractionation (centrifugation)

takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another at different speeds