BIOL MO1 Exam 2

A replicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s).

2

According to the image below, during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material duplicated?

3

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?

ATP

Which of the following statements describe the function of the light reaction in photosynthesis?

As electrons move through the light reaction, they release energy that is used to concentrate protons in the thylakoid.

Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is accurate?

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require electron transport chains.

What would be the initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on Earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide levels would increase.

Which of the following predicts a likely outcome of bypassing the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Incompletely replicated DNA may be passed to the two daughter cells; these cells could be lacking specific genes or chromosomes and would likely not survive.

Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?

Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction

The Krebs cycle produces

NADH, ATP, and FADH2.

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes.

Cells contain the molecule GTP (guanosine triphosphate). Would this molecule be useful as an energy carrier (similar to ATP)?

Yes, because it contains the same number of phosphates as does ATP.

A chemical reaction that uses ATP to build cellular components is

anabolic.

Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence

are primed to become metastatic.

A plant cell is mutated so ATP synthase no longer functions. Which process will be affected?

both photosynthesis and respiration

What type of reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules?

catabolic

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong, more dangerous chemicals. These enzymes must be able to

catalyze a catabolic reaction.

The reaction sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP is part of

cellular respiration.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

energy is released and can power cellular activities.

In the reaction H2O + CO2 + carbonic anhydrase → H+ + HCO3−+ carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

enzyme.

Which two processes work in conjunction to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome number?

fertilization and meiosis

Which step of cellular respiration occurs outside the mitochondria?

glycolysis

The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing over.

increases

A given enzyme

increases the rate of a particular reaction.

Which of the following events in a cell would require ATP?

linking together amino acids to form a protein

If the mitochondria of a cell did not produce an inner membrane, the mitochondria would be unable to

maintain the proton gradient required for ATP production.

Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because

meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome.

In a human cell,

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

oxygen

The role of water in photosynthesis is to

provide electrons to the chlorophyll.

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

provided by carbon dioxide.

Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis?

sperm

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early history of life on Earth showed increasing oxygen concentrations. This indicates that

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration.

The illustration below indicates that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and balanced. An excess of sugars produced fossil fuels like coal and petroleum; this suggests that in the past,

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration.

The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a

zygote.