BIOLOGY 1 TEST 4 STUDY GUIDE

Why is a large surface area: volume ratio needed for cells to function properly? A). Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm). B). Smaller volumes reduce and larger surface areas reduce the cell's ability to bring nutrients in and get rid of waste. C). A smaller surface area allows the cell to increase its metabolic activity by bringing in even more nutrients than larger surface areas. D). The surface area and volume increase at the rate to ensure cell growth and reproduction.

A). Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? A). Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles. B). Some are photosynthetic. C). Some are motile due to flagella. D). All bacteria are prokaryotes. E). Bacteria have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.

A). Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles.

During the sequencing of DNA into a protein, what is the first step? A). mRNA is copied from a gene B). a ribosome attaches to the mRNA and signals protein synthesis C). SRP binds to the signal peptide to shut down synthesis D). an enzyme removes the signal peptide from the peptide chain

A). mRNA is copied from a gene

According to the endosymbiosis theory _______ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. A). mitochondria B). Golgi apparatus C). lysosomes D). ribosomes

A). mitochondria

Which cellular organelle is the most prominent? A). nucleus B). nucleolus C). lysosome D). mitochondria

A). nucleus

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy? A). The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane. B). The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall. C). There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids. D). Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.

B). The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.

DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. How does the mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope? A). The nuclear envelope dissolves in order to allow the mRNA code to leave. B). The nuclear envelope contains pores that allow the mRNA to exit through. C). A vesicle will bud off from the nuclear envelope containing the mRNA. D). The mRNA will be coded into a protein within the nucleus. Then the protein leaves the nucleus.

B). The nuclear envelope contains pores that allow the mRNA to exit through.

Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT A). synthesize protein. B). have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another. C). have an efficient means of metabolism. D). communicate with adjacent cells.

B). have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.

Cell biologists have introduced radioactively labeled carbohydrates, fats and amino acids to living cells, allowed time for cell metabolism, and then disrupted the cells in a blender and separated out the various cell organelles from the cytoplasm. They found the radioactive molecules could soon be detected as part of various cellular compounds, although the visible cell structures appeared unchanged. This leads us to conclude that A). these "food" molecules are used only for energy. B). most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. C). radioactivity was transferred from the introduced molecules to the resident stable molecules. D). molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles. E). radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.

B). most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt

Which of the following features is NOT found in a bacterial cell?2-20 A). cell wall B). nucleus C). cell membrane D). nucleoid region E). ribosome

B). nucleus

From your knowledge of the size and density of cell components and the process of centrifugation, predict the order (from first to last) that the nucleus and various cell organelles will be extracted? A). ribosomes-mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus-soluble cytoplasm B). nucleus-mitochondria and chloroplasts-ribosomes-soluble cytoplasm C). nucleus-mitochondria and chloroplasts-soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes D). mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus-soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes E). soluble cytoplasm-ribosomes-mitochondria and chloroplasts-nucleus

B). nucleus-mitochondria and chloroplasts-ribosomes-soluble cytoplasm

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein? A). Golgi body B). ribosome C). nucleus D). lysosome

B). ribosome

Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic? A). Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules. B). Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin. C). Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants. D). Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure. E). Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.

C). Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? A). rough endoplasmic reticula B). mitochondria C). Golgi apparatus D). ribosomes

C). Golgi apparatus

Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? A). rough endoplasmic reticulum B). mitochondria C). Golgi apparatus D). ribosomes

C). Golgi apparatus

Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria? A). A mitochondrion has two membranes. B). Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. C). Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration. D). Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. E). The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.

C). Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration.

Which is a true statement about ribosomes? A). Ribosomes contain DNA and protein. B). Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis. C). Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus. D). Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes. E). Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.

C). Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.

Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells? A). A true nucleus contains the chromosomes. B). Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments. C). They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells. D). They all contain mitochondria. E). They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.

C). They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.

Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells? A). nucleoid region B). nucleus C). cell membrane D). cell wall A). ribosome

C). cell membrane

A multicellular organism like a rabbit will be _______________. A). composed of many cells that are all the same type. B). composed of a single cell. C). composed of a variety of different cell types. D). composed of one giant cell.

C). composed of a variety of different cell types.

The plant cell's central vacuole A). provides the plant cell with support. B). stores nutrients and cellular waste products. C). is a reservoir for water. D). All of the choices are correct.

D). All of the choices are correct.

Which is NOT true about the cell theory? A). Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. B). It states that all organisms are composed of cells. C). It states that all cells come from preexisting cells. D). It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously. E). It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.

D). It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.

Which of the following products are unique to vacuoles? A). water B). sugars C). water-soluble pigments D). all of these are found in vacuoles

D). all of these are found in vacuoles

What is the smallest unit of living matter? A). atom B). element C). Golgi apparatus D). cell E). nucleus

D). cell

The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections. A). flagella B). microfilaments C). centrioles D). cilia E). pili

D). cilia

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell? A). Golgi apparatus B). chloroplast C). vacuole D). peroxisome

D). peroxisome

_______ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _________. A). carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum B). nucleoli; lysosomes C). sugars; peroxisomes D). proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D). proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following organelles is found within an autotrophic, eukaryotic cell? A). lysosomes B). ribosomes C). rough endoplasmic D). reticulum E). chloroplast

E). chloroplast

Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are A). vacuoles. B). vesicles. C). glyoxisomes. D). lysosomes. E). peroxisomes.

E). peroxisomes.

As a cell increases in size, the: A). surface area increases as the volume decreases. B). surface area, volume and surface area volume ratio increases. C). surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases. D). surface area and volume decreases the surface area: volume ratio increases.

c).surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases.