BIOLOGY 1001: Exam 1

A phrase that applies to covalent bonding and not other kinds of bonds is..... a. charge attraction b. paired electrons c. electron-sharing d. great strength e. all of the above

c. electron-sharing

Which part of the atom participates in a chemical bond? a. all the protons and neutrons in the atom b. all the electrons in the atom c. electrons in the outer shell d. protons in the outer shell e. all the protons in the atom f. all electrons and some protons

c. electrons in the outer shell

Which of these is a characteristic of life? a. using oxygen b. eating c. making energy d. moving e. thinking f. growing

f. growing

What subatomic particle(s) can be found in the nucleus of the atom? a. neutrons b. protons c. neutrons and atoms d. neutrons and electrons e. protons and electrons f. protons and neutrons

f. protons and neutrons

List the metric prefixes in order from largest to smallest

giga mega kilo hecto deka (meter) deci centi milli micro

Which of the following is a characteristic of life (from a biological perspective) shown by a computer? a. It responds to stimuli b. it dies c. It is made of cells d. It evolves e. It reproduces

a. it responds to stimuli

A(n) ______________ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. a. molecule b. ion c. isotope d. community e. shell

a. molecule

You study how blowflies aid in animal decomposition in forest ecosystems. When would be the best time for you to do your research? a. summer and fall b. spring and summer c. fall and winter d. spring and winter

b. spring and summer

What is the fundamental structural unit of an element? a. the neutron b. the atom c. the proton d. the electron e. the molecule

b. the atom

Copper has 29 protons, 34 neutrons, and 29 electrons, What is the atomic number of copper? a. 29 b. 34 c. 58 d. 63 e. 92

a. 29

If two populations of the same species live in different environments for a long time, what will likely occur? a. Evolution can result in enough differences between the populations that they can't interbreed. b. One population will evolve better adaptations than the other. c. Different mutations may occur in each population, but natural selection will favor the same adaptations in both. d. Natural selection will preserve the same adaptations in both, preventing random differences from appearing. e. Neither population will be able to adapt to its environment.

a. Evolution can result in enough differences between the populations that they can't interbreed. (If natural selection favors enough different adaptations in each population, a new species can be formed.)

How are ionic and covalent bonds related? a. Ionic and covalent bonds both result in a full outer electron shell b. Electrons are shared in an ionic bond and traded completely in a covalent bond. c. Ionic bonds are harder to break apart than covalent bonds. d. Ionic bonds involve electrons. Covalent bonds involve the nucleus. e. Ionic bonds result in positive charges. Covalent bonds result in negative charges.

a. Ionic and covalent bonds both result in a full outer electron shell

How does the way a buffer stabilizes pH during addition of acid differ from the way the same buffer stabilizes pH during addition of base? a. Its the same reaction running backward or forward b. In one case it adds H+, in the other case it adds OH- c. In one case the buffer is strong, in the other case it's weak d. The same buffer can't work for both acid and base

a. It's the same reaction running backward or forward

Why does ice float? a. The hydrogen bonds in solid water force the molecules farther apart from one another than the same bonds in liquid water. b. The hydrogen bonds between molecules of liquid water are stronger than those of the solid, pulling the liquid molecules closer together. c. Solids are less dense in general than their liquid form d. The energy contained in the hydrogen bonds of ice is greater than the energy contained in the hydrogen bonds of water.

a. The hydrogen bonds in solid water force the molecules farther apart from one another than the same bonds in liquid water.

Why is combination drug therapy for HIV/AIDS less likely to lead to resistance than single drug therapy? a. The likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small. b. There are fewer side effects associated with combination drug therapy, and the appearance of resistance is directly related to the severity of side effects. c. In the presence of multiple drugs, the mutation rate of HIV decreases. d. The drugs improve the immune system so that it is better able to find and remove virus particles.

a. The likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small.

How does water dissolve salt? a. The partial positive charges of the hydrogen atoms on water surround the negative charge of a chlorine ion. b. The oxygen atoms of water form a polar covalent bond with the sodium atom. c. The partial positive charges of hydrogen form covalent bonds with a negatively charged chloride ion. d. The positive charges of the oxygen atoms on water balance the partial negative charge of a sodium atom. e. The hydrogen atoms of water form hydrogen bonds with a negatively charged chlorine ion.

a. The partial positive charges of the hydrogen atoms on water surround the negative charge of a chlorine ion.

Which of the following can be found in bacteria, but not in viruses? a. a cell membrane b. nucleic acids c. genetic material d. proteins

a. a cell membrane

Suppose you were in charge of sending an unmanned space probe to a new planet in search of life. The probe would be able to collect and test samples and make observations, but the planet is too far away for the probe to be able to bring samples back to Earth. The probe is small and would only be able to run a few tests, so you want to pick a test for evidence of life that is broad enough to incorporate all forms of life as we know it. Which one of the following tests would be the best to use in this situation? a. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA b. a test for the presence of soil suitable for growing plants c. a test for presence of large organisms capable of movement d. a test for the presence of things that change size quickly, since it would be an indication of growth and development

a. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA

What is a hydrogen bond? a. a weak bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom in a neighboring molecule b. a bond between the hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule c. a polar covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen d. a polar bond between two hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule e. a weak bond between two slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms f. a weak bond between the hydrogen atoms in two different water molecules

a. a weak bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom in a neighboring molecule

In which scenario below will the electrons have the highest energy? a. electrons in the outer shell of potassium b. electrons in the outer shell of helium c. electrons in the outer shell of oxygen d. electrons in the outer shell of nitrogen e. electrons in the outer shell of sulfur f. electrons in the outer shell of carbon

a. electrons in the outer shell of potassium (The last electron of potassium occupies the high-energy fourth shell)

If cows are like humans, which of the following could be true? a. Fattier cows will decompose faster than leaner cows b. Leaner cows will decompose faster than fattier cows c. Rate of decomposition related to fat content will be too variable to quantify d. Fat content will have no impact on the rate of decomposition

a. fattier cows will decompose faster than leaner cows

What property of an atom determines which element it is? a. the number of protons b. the number of neutrons c. the number of electrons d. the number of atoms e. the number of molecules

a. the number of protons

Which of theses is a characteristic of life possessed by viruses? a. they reproduce b. They maintain homeostasis c. they are made of cells d. they grow e. they respond to stimuli

a. they reproduce

Complete this analogy: Atoms are to molecules as ________________. a. tissues are to organs b. tissues are to cells c. atoms are to tissues d. cells are to organ systems e. organ systems are to cells

a. tissues are to organs (Molecules are built from atoms and organs are built from tissues. Likewise organs are used to build organ systems, and tissues are used to build organs.)

What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? a. 18 b. 6 c. 12 d. 0 e. -1

b. 6

A buffer consists of undissociated acid (HA) and the ion made by dissociating the acid (A-). How does this system buffer a solution against decreases in pH? a. HA dissociates and releases H+ and A- into solution b. A- reacts with H+ to become HA c. As the solution loses H+, HA replaces the lost H+ d. Both a and c e. None of the above

b. A- reacts with H+ to become HA

Because the specific heat of land is less than the specific heat of water, which of the following should be true? a. Land will always be warmer than water b. After a warm day, the land will cool down quickly, but the water will take longer to cool down c. Wet dirt should reach higher temperatures than dry dirt d. Islands should always be cooler than the mainland e. land will reach a higher temperature than water

b. After a warm day, the land will cool down quickly, but the water will take longer to cool down

Cancer is caused by DNA mutations. What exactly do cigarette smoke and radiation do that can cause cancer? a. Cigarette smoke and radiation both cause damage to DNA, leading to mutation b. Cigarette smoke and radiation both cause free radicals, which damage DNA, leading to mutations c. Cigarette smoke damages DNA, leading to free radicals. Radiation causes mutations in DNA. d. Radiation causes free radicals. Cigarette smoke causes DNA damage.

b. Cigarette smoke and radiation both cause free radicals, which damage DNA, leading to mutations

What is one way in which RNA is different from DNA? a. DNA is a nucleic acid and RNA is not b. DNA is double-stranded and RNA is not c. DNA contains information and RNA doesn't d. DNA is necessary for making proteins and RNA is not e. DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not f. DNA is a temporary copy and RNA is permanent

b. DNA is double-stranded and RNA is not

Which of the following is true when it comes to decomposing bodies? a. Insects will be attracted to humans, but not to pigs b. Insects will be attracted to humans and pigs c. Insects will be attracted to pigs, but not to humans d. Insects will not be attracted to humans or pigs

b. Insects will be attracted to humans and pigs

What is the eventual fate of all energy acquired by life? a. It becomes part of a living thing b. It becomes heat c. It becomes sunlight d. It is recycled e. It becomes atoms

b. It becomes heat (All energy acquired by living things starts as sunlight and then is eventually converted to heat)

Why does the process of sweating cool off the human body? a. Water has a high specific heat b. Water has a high heat of vaporization c. Water avoids the hydrophobic oils on skin d. Water can split to form H+ and OH- ions e. Water can dissolve salt

b. Water has a high heat of vaporization

An ionic bond involves ___________. a. the sharing of a single pair of electrons b. an attraction between ions of opposite charge c. no atoms other than sodium and chlorine d. water avoidance e. the unequal sharing of an electron pair

b. an attraction between ions of opposite charge

What is the name given to the bond between water molecules? a. polar covalent b. hydrogen c. hydrophobic d. ionic e. single (non polar) covalent

b. hydrogen

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on____________. a. hydrophobic interactions b. peptide bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. ionic bonds e. bonds between sulphur atoms

b. peptide bonds

Based on your understanding of the different levels of biological organization, which level from the choices below would be the smallest, most-exclusive grouping? a. species b. population c. biosphere d. Ecosystem e. community

b. population

Which of these is an example of maintaining a constant internal environment? a. eating a sandwich b. sweating in the sun c. laughing at a joke d. running from a dog e. bleeding from a cut

b. sweating in the sun (You sweat to keep your body temperature the same. This is also a response to stimuli, because your body had to first sense the need to cool down.)

Which of the following contributes the most toward the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds? a. the ability of oxygen to bind with a partially charged atom b. the polar nature of the water molecule c. the ability of oxygen to bind with hydrogen in a molecule d. the ability of oxygen to form covalent bonds e. the ability of hydrogen to form ionic bonds

b. the polar nature of the water molecule

In what way are energy and nutrients similar? a. They both can be recycled b. they both can be eaten c. they both can be created by life d. they both are made of atoms e. they both provide the power to do work

b. they both can be eaten (For example, animals take vitamins and minerals (nutrient) from their food, but also Calories (energy))

1. 1 meter = ____________ centimeters a. 1,000 b. 1,000,000,000 c. 100 d. 1,000,000 e. 1,000,000,000,000

c. 100

Which of these scenarios is the best example of natural selection? a. A population of wild cats lives in a suburban neighborhood. Children in the area begin throwing rocks at the cats to scare them away. After several years, the cats are all observed to run from any child they see, even ones new to the neighborhood. b. Every winter and spring, a migrating flock of geese stops at a particular pond during its journey. During a particularly hard drought, the pond dries up for a year. The geese briefly stop at the empty pond, but do not stay. Next year, when the pond fills again, the geese do not return. c. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black. d. Two tribes of humans live near one another. One decorates its warriors with white mud from the river and another uses black mud from a pond. One night, the white-mud tribe tries to make an attack on the other tribe, but is spotted early due to the gleaming white color of its warriors. The black-mud tribe wipes it out in the battle and takes over its land.

c. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black. (A change in the environment caused a genetic variation to become favorable)

How many covalent bonds can an atom usually make? a. An atom can make a number of bonds equal to its charge b. An atom can make a number of bonds equal to the number of protons in the nucleus c. An atom can make a maximum of four bonds, with each bond consisting of a pair of electrons. d. An atom can make a number of bonds equal to the number of electrons it can donate to another atom e. An atom can make a number of covalent bonds equal to the number of electrons has in its outer shell.

c. An atom can make a maximum of four bonds, with each bond consisting of a pair of electrons

Evolution is often described as "survival of the fittest." How would a biologist best measure fitness from the perspective of evolution? a. Fitness is best measured by an organism's speed and strength. These two characteristics are adaptive to most environments. b. Fitness is best measured by the ability to survive in the environment. This is the definition of adaptation. c. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has that survive to reproduce, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation and beyond. d. Fitness is best measured by an organism's survival ability and number of offspring. Deficiencies in one can be compensated by the other e. Fitness is best measured by an organism's ability to find food and escape from predators

c. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has that survive to reproduce, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation and beyond. (An organism can be well adapted to survival without ever passing on those survival traits. However, an organism that has multiple offspring by definition has to live long enough to create them.)

Sugar is a covalently linked compound with many atoms. Water is able to dissolve sugar. What does this suggest about the atoms of sugar? a. Sugar contains hydrophobic atoms b. Sugar contains hydrogen c. Sugar must contain oxygen or nitrogen atoms, which can form polar bonds d. Sugar contains carbon e. Sugar contains ions

c. Sugar must contain oxygen or nitrogen atoms, which form polar bonds

Which statement is true of pH buffers? a. the consist of strong acids and strong bases b. they keep the pH of the blood constant c. they consist of weak acids and weak bases d. both a and b e. both b and c

c. They consist of weak acids and weak bases

Which of the following is an example of a neutral mutation? a. lung cancer b. an individual with Down syndrome, who has inherited an extra chromosome c. a child born with blue eyes from two brown-eyed parents d. your skin developing melanoma from extended exposure to the sun without using sunscreen

c. a child born with blue eyes from two brown-eyed parents

Homeostasis is a living organism's a. ability to pump blood through the body b. attempt to cool off, even when it is cold outside c. ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change d. ability to hibernate during cold times of the year e. attempt to carry out photosynthesis even when there is no sunlight present

c. ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change

Buffers work best when...... a. the pH is nearly neutral b. the ratio of H+ to OH- is close to 1.0 c. about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated d. nearly all of the buffer molecules are undissociated e. 5% nearly all of the buffer molecules are dissociated

c. about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated

Which of the following is structurally most similar to chitin? a. phospholipids, because they are also used to construct cell walls b. DNA, because it also is made of repeating sugars with nitrogen attached c. cellulose, because it is made of similar monomers to chitin linked in an alternating pattern d. amino acids, because they are also used to construct structural elements of the body e. proteins, because the repeating subunits of proteins are linked by nitrogen functional groups

c. cellulose, because it is made of similar monomers to chitin linked in an alternating pattern

Which of the following lists of terms is in the correct order of size, going from smallest to largest? a. nucleus, electron, proton, atom, molecule b. proton, electron, nucleus, atom, molecule c. electron, proton, nucleus, atom, molecule d. electron, proton, nucleus, molecule, atom e. molecule, atom, nucleus, proton, electron

c. electron, proton, nucleus, atom, molecule

How do atoms respond when they absorb energy? a. Electrons vibrate faster b. Protons and neutrons leave the nucleus c. Electrons move to a higher orbital d. Electrons emit light e. Neutrons leave the nucleus f. The nucleus vibrates

c. electrons move to a higher orbital

In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine? a. hydrophobic b. non polar covalent c. ionic d. polar covalent e. hydrogen

c. ionic

In water, the chemicalHCO3 - acts as a buffer. In dry form, this chemical is often ionically bound to another element. Which of the following elements would be a good candidate for that element? a. chlorine (Cl) b. oxygen (O) c. sodium (Na+) d. hydroxide (OH) e. carbon (C)

c. sodium (Na+) (Sodium can form a positive ion to bind to HCO3- and will not itself affect the pH of the solution.)

What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in? a. the number of electrons in the innermost electron shell b. its atomic mass c. the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell d. its atomic number e. the number of protons it contains

c. the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment? a. to make the experiment perform as expected b. to keep scientists from pursuing unethical questions and practices c. to provide a standard for comparison; control groups have expected and predictable outcomes d. to allow more things to be tested at once e. to make the experiment safer

c. to provide a standard for comparison; control groups have expected and predictable outcomes (If multiple things vary in an experiment, you can't be sure which one caused the change to occur.)

You are talking with a friend about why sports teams win more often when playing home games. Your friend says, "I have a theory about that." How would a proper scientist say this phrase? a. "I know a fact about that." b. "I have an observation about that." c. "I have a theory about that." d. "I have a hypothesis about that." e. "I have a question about that."

d. "I have a hypothesis about that." (In common use, the word "theory" is usually used to mean an informed guess that hasn't been tested. However, in science the word "theory" is used to refer to an explanation that has been thoroughly tested. The word "hypothesis" refers to having an idea, a guess, about something.)

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have? a. 0 b. 16 c. 11 d. 5 3. 6

d. 5

Which answer helps to explain why all living cells need pH buffers? a. Nucleic acids must have positive charges to form double helices b. Hydrogen bonds only form at medium pH values c. ATP will not deliver energy if it is ionized d. Amino acid side chains have many carboxyl and amino groups

d. Amino acid side chains have many carboxyl and amino groups (When these side chains ionize, they exert forces that affect the protein's folding. Thus, if pH isn't stabilized, the proteins will change their folding and may not function properly.)

In which of the three domains do we see examples of organisms that are multicellular? a. bacteria only b. Archaea only c. Eukarya and Bacteria d. Eukarya only e. Bacteria and Archaea

d. Eukarya only (Only within the domain Eukarya do we see examples of multicellular organisms. However, not all organisms within this domain are multicellular. The Protistans are examples of single-celled eukaryotes .)

To make a buffer, you need to..... a. combine equal amounts of a strong acid and a strong base in water b. put either a strong acid or a strong base in water c. adjust the pH to 7.0 d. have a weak acid or a weak base half ionized in water e. both a and c

d. Have a weak acid or a weak base have ionized in water

Your physics professor tells the class that she has recently disproven the theory of gravity. She claims that gravity has nothing to do with mass and is really a function of speed. Objects that are not moving relative to each other are attracted, but objects that are moving parallel to each other actually repel one another. To demonstrate, she holds a paper airplane level in her hand and releases it. It falls toward the ground. She then throws the airplane horizontally and the airplane turns upward, flying away from the ground. Once the airplane is flying directly upward, it rapidly stops and begins to fall. What do you, as a good scientist, do next? a. I accept my teacher's statements as an authority on physics b. I accept the teacher's evidence as proof until I see evidence that gravity as a theory is true c. I look up authoritative sources that describe gravity as a theory d. I figure out a different hypothesis for why the plane flew upward e. I show the teacher the original evidence that proved gravity as a theory is correct f. I read the evidence that has already been presented about gravity and decide for myself which is correct.

d. I figure out a different hypothesis for why the plane flew upward

The greater prairie chicken lives in the grasslands of the middle United States. In Illinois, a large amount of the habitat for this animal was converted to farmland, to the point in which a population of only 50 birds remained in the state. Researchers measured the percentage of eggs that hatched each year and the average genetic diversity at six different genes and then compared them to two other populations. What do these data suggest about species that become endangered? Location Genetic Diversity % of Eggs Hatched Illinois 3.7 50% Nebraska 5.8 96% Minnesota 5.3 85%. a. Chickens require a minimum number of birds to hatch eggs b. Genetic diversity is unrelated to the success of egg hatching c. People should worry less about how many members of a species are left and worry more about their diversity d. Loss of genetic diversity can harm the ability of an endangered species to reproduce e. Populations near extinction have trouble reproducing

d. Loss of genetic diversity can harm the ability of an endangered species to reproduce

What is the difference between molecules and compounds? a. Molecules are made from atoms of the same type. Compounds are made from atoms of different elements b. Molecules are made from atoms. Compounds are made from molecules c. Molecules are made from two atoms. Compounds are made from three or more atoms d. Molecules may be made from the same type of atoms or different types of atoms. Compounds are molecules made from atoms of different elements. e. Compounds are made from atoms. Molecules are made from compounds

d. Molecules may be made from the same type of atoms or different types of atoms. Compounds are molecules made from atoms of different elements.

A pig dies in a farm field. Which of the following is most likely? a. Scavengers will first go for the the hind limbs b. Scavengers will first go for the head c. Scavengers will first go for the forelimbs d. Scavengers will first go for the trunk

d. Scavengers will first go for the trunk

Which of the following is based on a scientific understanding? a. Thunder is caused by gods burping b. The number seven will bring you luck. c. Man can walk on water. d. Schizophrenia is caused by a chemical disorder in the brain

d. Schizophrenia is caused by a chemical disorder in the brain (Science is based on objective reasoning and observation. Magic is by definition unnatural)

Coffee has a pH of 5.0. Stomach acid has a pH of 2.0. How does coffee compare to stomach acid? a. Stomach acid is an acid; coffee is a base b. Coffee contains fewer OH- ions than stomach acid c. Coffee is more acidic than stomach acid d. Stomach acid is 1,000 times more acidic than coffee e. Coffee contains more H+ ions than stomach acid

d. Stomach acid is 1,000 times more acidic than coffee

How do the hydrogen bonds between water molecules compare to the covalent bonds within water molecules? a. Hydrogen bonds are between two hydrogen atoms. Covalent bonds are between a hydrogen and an oxygen. b. The hydrogen and covalent bonds both involve electron sharing c. The hydrogen and covalent bonds are both polar d. The hydrogen bonds are more easily broken than the covalent bonds

d. The hydrogen bonds are more easily broken than the covalent bonds

Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom? a. The atomic mass is equal to the atomic number b. The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons c. The number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons d. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons e. The atomic mass is equal to the number of electrons

d. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the effects of mutations? a. The process of mutation creates helpful genetic variations in some species, but harmful variations in others b. The process of mutation causes helpful genetic variations within a species c. The process of mutation causes evolution, which is helpful to a species d. The process of mutation creates both helpful and harmful genetic variations in a species e. The process of mutation causes adaptation to occur, which can be both helpful and harmful to a species f. The process of mutation mostly creates harmful variations in a species

d. The process of mutation creates both helpful and harmful genetic variation in a species (Mutations creates variation, whether helpful or harmful. Natural selection is the force that preserves helpful mutations and eliminates harmful ones)

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE? a. Vaccines are available to prevent several diseases caused by viruses b. If a virus mutates, the immune system may not recognize the virus c. People can get colds and flus agains because the viruses are constantly mutating d. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to resistant strains of viruses

d. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the resistant strains of viruses

Which of these statements about scientific theories is true? a. Theories are beliefs about how things work b. Theories are a guess about how things work. c. Theories haven't been shown to be correct d. Theories can be disproven by new evidence e. Theories don't have as much evidence as laws

d. Theories can be disproven by new evidence. (Though theories are rarely disproven, the possibility still exists. Scientists must treat any new evidence that seems to disprove the theory with respect.)

Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses? a. The atoms are different elements b. These atoms have different number of electrons c. These atoms are isomers d. These atoms are isotopes e. These atoms have different number of protons

d. These atoms are isotopes

What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within the limits required to sustain life? a. homeomaintenance b. heterostasis c. homeoregulation d. homeostasis e. heteroregulation

d. homeostasis (Homeostasis involves many processes working simultaneously to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature, water concentration, salt concentration, etc. These values will fluctuate but only within a narrow range outside of what is considered optimal.)

In a neutral solution the concentration of ____________. a. hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions b. hydrogen ions is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions c. water molecules is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions d. hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions e. water molecules is less than the concentration of hydrogen ions

d. hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

Viruses are a. not alive because they can only carry out photosynthesis and not cellular respiration b. alive because they mutate and change over time through evolution c. alive because they often contain DNA d. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction

d. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction

If electrons in water molecules were equally attracted to the hydrogen and oxygen atoms, how would this affect the polar covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms? a. The bond would become more polar b. the bond would break c. the bond would become ionic d. the bond would become less polar e. the bond would become a hydrogen bond f. the bond would become covalent

d. the bond would become less polar

Consider a molecule formed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bound together. What properties might this molecule have? a. The molecule would be ionic b. This molecule would have a high specific heat. c. The molecule would make hydrogen bonds with other like molecules d. The molecule would be non polar e. The molecule would act as a polar solvent

d. the molecule would be non polar

Which level of organization is one step above cells? a. living things b. molecules c. animals d. tissues e. organs f. multi-cellular organism

d. tissues

What is the chemical name for fats and oils? a. glycerol b. carbohydrates c. fatty acids d. triglycerides e. cholesterol f. wax

d. triglycerides

Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have? a. 28 b. 9 c. 81 d. 19 e. 10

e. 10

The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to ______ electrons. a. 32 b. 8 c. 1 d. 18 e. 2

e. 2

To what domain do you belong? a. sapiens b. Prokarya c. Homo d. Archaea e. Eukarya

e. Eukarya

How does the process of evolution take place? a. Natural selection occurs when mutation creates new adaptations that help an organism to evolve better. b. Adaptation occurs when mutation evolves new genetic variations in a species. c. Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new adaptations that result in genetic variations that help organisms survive and reproduce d. Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new mutations in organisms that help them to survive and reproduce e. Evolution results from natural selection preserving favorable mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment, which help that species to survive and reproduce

e. Evolution results from natural selection preserving favorable mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment, which help that species to survive and reproduce. (This statement contains the knowledge that natural selection acts on favorable mutations and that the result is adaptation to the environment

Which of these effects results from the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and nothing else? a. water traveling up a tree b. water acting as a solvent c. water acting as an acid d. water adhering to surfaces e. water having surface tension

e. water having surface tension

How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related? a. Genes are made up of chromosomes and direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing. b. Chromosomes contain DNA, which is made up of genes. The DNA directs the formation of a specific characteristic. c. DNA contains chromosomes that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. Genes are made up of chromosomes. d. Chromosomes are built from genes, which direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing. e. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes.

e. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes. (DNA is the basic building material of genes and chromosomes. A chromosome is a large piece of connected DNA that is divided up into many genes. DNA is made up of individual nucleotides (A, T, G, and C).

Why are hydrophobic molecules such as fats and oils unable to dissolve in watery solutions? a. Water molecules interact only with ionic bonds, not covalent bonds b. Hydrophobic molecules attract water molecules and form a weak bond c. Hydrophobic molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other, excluding water d. Hydrophobic molecules have polar covalent bonds, preventing water from interacting with them e. Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar, so they can't form hydrogen bonds with water. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other, excluding the hydrophobic molecules.

e. Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar, so they can't form hydrogen bonds with water. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other, excluding the hydrophobic molecules.

One night, while you're studying hard for a biology test, your dog begins barking at you. You are not sure why she is barking, but then you remember that you haven't fed her tonight. You think, "Maybe she's hungry." If you are following the scientific method, what should you do next? a. Conclude that the dog is hungry b. Feed the dog c. Go to the store and purchase dog food. How would someone assess this? Seems odd d. Form a hypothesis e. Make a prediction f. Perform an experiment

e. Make a prediction (You have just formed a hypothesis that leads to the prediction, "IF I feed her, THEN she will stop barking.")

How do the terms "natural selection" and "evolution" compare? a. Natural selection and evolution mean the same thing b. Natural selection is a theory; evolution is not. c. Evolution requires natural selection d. Natural selection results in small changes; evolution results in larger changes e. Natural selection is a force that causes evolution

e. Natural selection is a force that causes evolution

By definition, "living things, or organisms, all share certain characteristics that, taken together, define life." Which of the statements below would not be correct with respect to this statement? a. Organisms actively maintain organized complexity b. Organisms sense and respond to stimuli c. Organisms acquire and use materials and energy d. Organisms, collectively, evolve e. Organisms grow and reproduce sexually

e. Organisms grow and reproduce sexually (While living organisms do grow, they do not all use a sexual mode of reproduction. Some living organisms such as bacteria will use an asexual mode of reproduction)

Proteins are polymers of________. a. CH2O units b. hydrocarbons c. nucleotides d. glycerol e. amino acids

e. amino acids

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges __________. a. have different atomic numbers b. have different atomic masses c. are different isotopes d. have different numbers of neutrons e. are different ions

e. are different ions

Why is the linking of two monomers called "dehydration synthesis"? a. because the process requires the organism to drink more water b. because water is used to split them apart later c. because the linkage of the monomers destroys water in the process d. because the process requires water from the organism performing the linkage e. because the atoms removed from the monomers combine to form water

e. because the atoms removed from the monomers combine to form water

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a living things? a. Having DNA as a genetic code b. being capable of reproduction c. exhibiting complex organization d. responding to stimuli e. creating energy

e. creating energy

What force holds a molecule of HCl together in an ionic bond? a. polarity b. hydrogen bonding c. partial charges d. electron sharing e. electrical attraction

e. electrical attraction

The secondary structure of a protein results from __________. a. ionic bonds b. bonds between sulfur atoms c. peptide bonds d. hydrophobic interactions e. hydrogen bonds

e. hydrogen bonds

Which of these atoms will be inert? a. magnesium (12 electrons) b. chlorine (17 electrons) c. sodium (11 electrons) d. nitrogen (7 electrons) e. neon (10 electrons)

e. neon ( 10 electrons) (Neon has eight electrons in its outer shell. It is also an example of a Noble gas and inert.)

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? a. S----S b. hydrophobic c. hydrogen d. ionic e. peptide

e. peptide

You are a NASA scientist and have discovered an organism in outer space that stores its genetic material in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus and cannot perform photosynthesis. Given these characteristics, how might you classify this organism? a. eukaryote b. fungi c. bacteria d. archaea e. prokaryote

e. prokaryote (the organism is a prokaryote, but you cannot be sure to which domain it belongs. You would need more information about the cell and/or do experiments on it.)

Based on your understanding of the term "scientific method," which of the choices below would be the correct sequence of events after you would make an observation about an event? a. question, hypothesis, experiment, prediction, conclusion b. question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion, experiment c. experiment, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion d. hypothesis, question, prediction, experiment, conclusion e. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

e. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Which basic property of a single water molecule accounts for all of its special features, including adhesion and cohesion, its ability to act as a solvent, and its high specific heat? a. the ionic character of water b. the density of water c. the oxygen in water d. the hydrogen bonding of water e. the polar nature of water

e. the polar nature of water