biology 101 Exam 3 question
What is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of leaves in the fall? A) RuBP B) chlorophyll a C) carotenoids D) chlorophyll b
C
which are the possible products of fermentation? A) carbon dioxide(CO2) B) lactate C) alcohol D)all of the above are possible
D
the reactants of photosynthesis incluede all of the following EXCEPT__________ A) solar energy B) carbon dioxide C)water D) carbohydrates
D) carbonhydrates
In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain is located on the__________
cristae
MPF is a complex consisting of _____.
cyclin and a cyclin- dependent kinase
The _____ most likely provide(s) the material for spindle formation
cytoskeleton
where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytosol
glycolysis occurs in the _____.
cytosol (cytoplasm of cell)
Programmed cell death is known as _____.
apoptosis
the light reactions take place in the_________
thylakoids
Cell division in unicellular organisms results in ____ daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
2
Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______ ATP from one molecule of glucose.
32
aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______________ATP from one molecule of glucose?
32
If a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, the daughter cells will have _____ chromosomes.
46
what is the overall equation for photosynthesis? which molecules in the equation participate in the calvin cycle and the light reactions?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 calvin cycle: CO2 and C6H12O6 light reactions: H2O and O2
which of the following statements correctly describes glycolysis a) glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate b) glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria c) glycolysis oxidates two NADH molecules to NAD d) glycolysis requires oxygen
A
____________________B______________________ l l C6,H12,O6 + 6O2---------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (glucose) + (oxygen) -> (carbon dioxide) + (water) + energy l__________________A___________________l Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve oxidation and reduction and the movement of electrons(with hydrogen) from one molecule to another. Identify A and B either oxidation or reduction: A)________________ B)________________ Is the overall equation photosynthesis or cellular respiration
A) reduction B) oxidation cellular respiration
the calvin cycle requires _____________and______________ from the light reactions in order to operate.
ATP......NADPH
which of the following citric acid cycle byproducts is disposed of by our respiratory system when we exhale? A)oxygen (O2) B) carbon dioxide (CO2) C) ATP D) NADH
B) carbon dioxide
which correctly describes the calvin cycle reactions? A) solar energy is required B) carbon dioxide (CO2) is reduced and fixed into a carbohydrate C) ATP is produce D) oxygen (O2) is produced
B) carbon dioxide (CO2) is reduced and fixed into a carbohydrate
Which of the following is NOT a typical trait of cancerous cells that makes them different from normal somatic cells?
Cancer cells have more effective DNA repair activities.
Which of the following is a protein maintained at steady levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?
Cdk
Cells from advanced malignant tumors often have very abnormal chromosomes and an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
Cell cycle checkpoints are not in place to stop cells with chromosome abnormalities
Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
Which of the following statements correctly describes glycolysis?
Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate
Bonus Describe the linear flow of electrons from PS II, through the electron transport chain, to PS I, ending with NADP reductase
Light energy excites pigment in PS2, and an electron with high energy is passed along each protein in the electron transport chain. With each pass energy is loss. the electron the reaches PS1, where it becomes re-charged and NAPH reductase gains the electron, becoming NADPH.
When pyruvate is oxidized in the preparatory reaction, ________ is reduced.
NAD+
The final acceptor of electrons during the noncyclic electron pathway is
NADP+
in photosynthesis, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ______________
NADP+
the energy and electrons needed for carbohydrate synthesis during the calvin cycle are supplied by:
NADPH and ATP
Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury?
PDGF
DNA replicates during the________ stage of interphase
S
Which of the following is NOT associated with prophase?
Separation of the sister chromatids
What statement correctly describes cytokinesis in plant cells?
The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that migrate along microtubules and fuse to become a cell plate, which then releases new cell wall materials.
Which of the following statements correctly describes animal cell cytokinesis?
The animal cell forms a contractile ring which contracts, pinching the cell in two.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria both generate ATP by chemiosmosis, but use different sources of energy. Explain how an electron transport chain coupled with chemiosmosis powers the production of ATP. What is the original source of energy for chemiosmosis in the mitochondria? What is the original source of energy for chemiosmosis in the chloroplast?
The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis work together to produce ATP in a process called oxidation phosphorylation. In the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH or FADH2 within cellular respiration and PS2 within cellular respiration are passes to each protein. Energy is given off or loss each time an electron is passed, and it is used to pump H+ ions against their gradient out of the membrane. This gradient created by the electron transport chain powers chemiosmosis ATP synthase, allowing H+ ions to flow back into either the mitochondria , matrix, or stroma, and it acts like a hydroelectric dam. Each time it turns, a phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP. In the mitochondria, food energy powers chemiosmosis and in the chloroplast, light energy powers chemiosmosis.
Why are plants green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb blue and red lights
fermentation in plants produces ___________ as a byproduct
alcohol
A disorganized, generally encapsulated mass that does not invade adjacent tissue is known as a _____.
benign tumor
Prokaryotes primarily reproduce _____.
by binary fission
In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain is located in the _____.
cristae
the molecule G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) formed in the _______________ is used to synthesize glucose and many other macromolecules in the plant
calvin cycle
Lactate, the precursor of lactic acid______________________________
can be used as fuel by mitochondria in muscle cellls
The reactants of photosynthesis include all of the following except _____
carbohydrates
what is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of leaves in the fall?
carotenoids
Sister chromatids are held together at the:
centromere
Which of the major pigments in plants participates directly in the light reactions?
chlorophyll a
which of the major pigments in plants participates directly in the light reaction?
chlorophyll a
Identify the principal role of photosynthesis
convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe?
electron transport chain
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP?
energy released from the movement of protons (H+) through ATP synthase, down their concentration gradient
the function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to :
excite electrons in chlorophyll pigments
If oxygen is not available the pyruvates produced by glycolysis are fed into:
fermentation
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
glucose
The end products of photosynthesis are:
glucose and oxygen
Through beta-oxidation, fats are converted to acetyl-CoAs. The further respiration of these acetyl-CoAs typically bypass which parts of normal aerobic cellular respiration?
glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
Through beta-oxidation, fats are converted to acetyl-CoAs. The further respiration of these acetyl-CoAs typically bypasses which parts of normal aerobic respiration?
glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
what is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration
glycolysis, citric acid, electron transport chain
substrate-level phosphorylation of ATP occurs where?
in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
During intense exercise, muscles lack sufficient oxygen, so which anaerobic process will these muscles mainly use?
lactic acid fermentation
The citric acid cycle of reactions takes place in the ___________ of mitochondria.
matrix
in cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle is located in the ___________
matrix
Alignment of the duplicated chromosomes at the 'equator' of the cell is characteristic of _____.
metaphase
Photosynthesis utilizes _____.
only visible light
photosynthesis utilizes___________
only visible light
How is the majority of ATP produced in the aerobic respiration of glucose?
oxidative phosphorylation
What processes in your cells utilizes the oxygen that you inhale?
oxidative phosphorylation
during cellular respiration, glucose loses electrons and hydrogen ions and is therefore____________
oxidized
In the overall equation for cellular respiration, a molecule of glucose is being _________ and a molecule of oxygen is being __________.
oxidized; reduced
In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is _____.
oxygen
Which of the following molecules is NOT a possible product of fermentation?
oxygen
an aerobic process requires____________
oxygen
in cellular respiration, the electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is___________
oxygen (o2)
what name is given to a discrete particle of light?
photon
The last stage of one complete turn of the Calvin cycle involves ________.
regeneration of RuBP
the last stage of one complete turn of the calvin cycle involves________________
regeneration of RuBP
In the Calvin Cycle, CO2 fixation occurs when CO2 combines with ________?
ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
oxygen leaves the plant through the____________
stomata
the p53 protein ______.
stops the cell cycle during repair
the calvin cycle occurs in the _______________
stroma
The ATP produced during glycolysis is produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
After _____ mitosis is completed.
telophase
During cellular respiration, ______________ produces most of the carbon dioxide that we exhale.
the citric acid cycle
The greatest contributor of high energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) to the electron transport chain is
the citric acid cycle
most of the carbon dioxide (CO2) from the catabolism of glucose is released during__________
the citric acid cycle
which process produces both NADH and FADH2?
the citric acid cycle
In cellular respiration, which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?
the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from ___________.
the oxidation of water (H20)
the oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from_________
the oxidation of water (H2O)
why are plants green?
they reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb blue and red light
how many times must the calvin cycle turn fir the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of G3P?
three
The light-dependent reactions take place in the _____
thylakoids
within the inner membrane of a chloroplast, interconnected sacs of membrane called_______________are suspended in a thick fluid called the___________
thylakoids......stroma
