biology 103 final exam review-pearson questions (7)

which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids

mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are ___________

metabolically active mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, the catabolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from food molecules, with the help of oxygen

much of the intracellular structure of a eukaryote cell is involved in protein synthesis. the accompanying figure shows the amounts of protein in cells at different parts of the cell cycle between two cell divisions. G1 is a stage just after the cell has divided, and G2 is the stage just before the cell divides again. S is a stage when the cell is synthesizing material such as DNA, mitochondria, and other organelles. the data show that...

not all cells at any given stage have the same amount of protein

the function of mitochondria is...

cellular respiration

digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. these cells have a large number of ribosomes ____________________

on the rough ER the rough ER is responsible for producing proteins that will be inserted into membranes, packaged in certain organelles, or exported from the cell

one centimeter =__________ millimeters

10

the endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that...

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells

a. where is the genetic information of the cell stored? b. the structural framework in a cell is the... c. where in a cell is ATP made? d. what carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? e. one of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by... f. which of the following is part of the end-membrane system? g. which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? h. where are lipids made in the cell? i. what structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

a. nucleus b. cytoskeleton c. mitochondria d. mRNA e. ribosomes f. golgi apparatus g. lysosomes h. smooth ER i. plasma membrane

which of the following statements about cells is true?

all cells have internal structures that move

the membranous compartmentalization of a cell...

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell

skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by...

anchoring junctions

dynein feet...

are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets

in the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads...

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ____________. unlike plant cells, animal cells have _____________

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria...

contain membrane folds called crystal, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grant

the nucleus of a cell...

contains DNA

the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell...

contains the cell's DNA

the ___________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP

cristae

which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes the lysosome is a sac of digestive enzymes

which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?

electron microscopy in the 1960s, staining actin filaments and visualizing them with an electron microscope allowed scientists to discover that these structures are present in all cells

most animal cells are...

embedded in an extracellular matrix

studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). a researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours. later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane. the fluorescent tag likely became incorporated into which of the following organelles during the video?

endoplasmic reticulum

hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. what cellular structure makes hexokinase?

free ribosomes

a researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. the protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. the protein was probably altered in the _____

golgi apparatus vesicles carrying proteins from the ER fuse with the golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered

what changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasm reticulum activity the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells has enzymes that are involved in alcohol metabolism. this organelle is affected in the liver cells of alcoholics

bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they ____________

lack a nucleus the term prokaryotic literally translates as "before nucleus"

the end-membrane system includes all of the following organelles except the...

peroxisome

which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?

peroxisomes

chloroplasts are found in _________

plant cells and some protists chloroplasts are lens-shaped organelles found in leaves and other green organs of plants and photosynthetic protists

which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals

contractile vacuoles...

prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water

archaea are composed of _________ cells

prokaryotic

the skin is the body's largest organ. it's made up of many different types of cells. oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. the pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. the types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of...

ribosomes

the architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a _________

scanning electron microscope the scanning electron microscope uses an electron beam to provide a detailed picture of the outlines of the surface

endosymbiosis is the internalization of one species by a host species. according to the endosymbiotic hypothesis, internalized prokaryotes eventually evolved into eukaryotic organelles. drag the images to the pink targets in the order of the endosymbiotic hypothesis. then match each description with the appropriate step.

step 1: ancestral cell with nucleus and end-membrane system step 2: oxygen-metabolizing bacterium begins to be engulfed by ancestral cell step 3: oxygen-metabolizing bacterium is fully engulfed in the cell step 4: photosynthetic prokaryote begins to be engulfed by ancestral cell step 5: photosynthetic prokaryote is fully engulfed, resulting in a eukaryotic cell with organelles

intermediate filaments...

surround the nucleus

which of the following statements regarding the end-membrane system is false?

the end-membrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected

which of the following statements regarding the golgi apparatus is false?

the golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production

the function of the nucleus is...

to manufacture ribosomal RNA

a cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. the cell becomes larger and larger. this situation...

will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not increase as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs