Biology 111 - Ch. 14
All of the following are true regarding transgenic animals EXCEPT A. the product desired by the transgenic procedure may be secreted in the milk of female offspring. B. foreign genes are micro-injected into eggs, fertilized in vitro, and the zygotes are placed in host females to develop. C. the process has inserted bovine growth hormone into fish, cows, and other animals. D. the process has been used to develop organisms that are partially animals and partially plant.
D. the process has been used to develop organisms that are partially animals and partially plant.
Gene pharming is the use of A. bacteria to produce organic compounds like aspartame and phenylalanine. B. STR profiling to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms. C. transgenic plants to produce larger vegetables and sweeter fruits. D. transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals.
D. transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals.
Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine
D. uracil
Which of the following reasons helped make Mendel successful with his genetic experiments? A. He had a strong background in mathematics B. He was very deliberate and followed the scientific method closely while doing his research C. He kept very detailed records of his research D. He was basing his research off of preexisting research E. All are reasons Mendel was successful with his genetic experiments
E. All are reasons Mendel was successful with his genetic experiments
Which characteristic of pea plants were important in their selection as Mendel's research organism? A. Peas are easy to cultivate.B. Pea plants have a short generation time. C. Pea plants are self-pollinating but can be cross-fertilized easily. D. Many true-breeding varieties were available. E. All of the above were important characteristics in Mendel's selection.
E. All of the above were important characteristics in Mendel's selection.
In the Beadle and Tatum experiment, mutated Neurospora were unable to grow on minimal media plus metabolites A or B, but did grow on minimal media plus metabolites C and D, indicating enzyme 2 is missing from the hypothetical pathway. A -(1)-> B -(2)-> C -(3)-> D A. If only enzyme 1 were missing, then growth would occur with just metaboliteB. B. From the limited data given here, enzyme 1 could also be missing from the original experiment. C. Any minimal media with metabolite D should grow the Neurospora without revealing if the strain contains or lacks enzymes 1, 2 or 3. D. Failure to grow on minimal media lacking metabolites A, B and C reflects lack of enzyme 3. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is/are true concerning introns? A. Introns are sections of nucleotides found on a mRNA transcript. B. RNA splicing usually removes introns from a mRNA molecule. C. Introns can function to regulate gene expression. D. The sequence of nucleotides found in introns are not known to represent anything usable by the cell. E. All the choices are true except for saying that introns do not represent anything usable by the cell.
E. All the choices are true except for saying that introns do not represent anything usable by the cell.
Which of the following processes does NOT take place during translation? A. Growth of a polypeptide chain. B. Attachment of a ribosome to mRNA. C. Binding of two tRNA molecules per ribosome. D. Liberation of polypeptide from the ribosome. E. Production of mRNA.
E. Production of mRNA.
What is complementary DNA (cDNA)? A. cDNA is the strand of DNA opposite the strand used to make mRNA. B. cDNA is DNA made through the polymerase chain reaction. C. cDNA is a sequence of DNA as it is found in the genome. D. cDNA is any sequence of cloned DNA. E. cDNA is DNA made from a mature mRNA template.
E. cDNA is DNA made from a mature mRNA template.
The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is A. initiation, termination, elongation. B. elongation, termination, initiation. C. termination, elongation, initiation. D. elongation, initiation, termination. E. initiation, elongation, termination.
E. initiation, elongation, termination.
The function of a vector in genetic engineering is to A. cut DNA into many fragments. B. link together newly joined fragments of DNA. C. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges. D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA. E. introduce rDNA into a host cell.
E. introduce rDNA into a host cell.
In order to produce many copies of a protein fast, the cell uses A. DNA replication. B. intron self-splicing. C. single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation. D. codon-anticodon reciprocal duplication. E. many RNA polymerase molecules to produce mRNA transcripts at the same time.
E. many RNA polymerase molecules to produce mRNA transcripts at the same time.
What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein? A. the sequence of the anticodons B. the number of codons in mRNA C. the enzyme that attaches the amino acid to tRNA D. the proteins associated with rRNA E. the sequence of codons in mRNA
E. the sequence of codons in mRNA
It is estimated that humans have approximately ______ bases in our genome. A. 3 billion B. 2.5 million C. 180 million D. 12 trillion
A. 3 billion
Which of the following is the correct order of steps in cloning a human gene? A. DNA ligase seals the human gene and plasmid. B. Host cell takes up the plasmid. C. Gene cloning takes place as the cell undergoes the cell cycle. D. Restriction enzyme is used to cleave the DNA. A. D - A - B - C B. D - B - C - A C. A- C - D - B D. D - A - C - B
A. D - A - B - C
For translation to take place, which of the following would NOT be required to be present? A. DNA. B. mRNA. C. tRNA-amino acid complex. D. rRNA. E. ribosome.
A. DNA.
Which is NOT true about the genetic code? A. It is exactly the same in all organisms. B. It is composed of a triplet code of three bases per codon. C. It produces 64 different possibilities of base sequences. D. It was cracked through the use of a cell-free system of enzymes. E. It contains start and stop codons as instructions.
A. It is exactly the same in all organisms.
DNA fingerprinting may be used to establish paternity. Analyze the banding pattern pictured at right todetermine the father of the child. A. Male 1 B. Male 2
A. Male 1
A complex protein cell shelters and supports the DNA genetic coding, and the coding is the blueprint for the cell proteins; thus is set the "chicken-or-the-egg" dilemma of which came first. This can be solved by the discovery that A. RNAs called had enzyme functions and could have served as both genetic matter and enzymes. B. reverse transcriptase can convert RNA back into DNA. C. all DNA and protein can be distributed evenly inside and outside the nucleus. D. some proteins are simply assemblages of guanine, cytosine, thymine and adenine. E. viruses can give rise to all of the cell molecules.
A. RNAs called had enzyme functions and could have served as both genetic matter and enzymes.
Biotechnology products produced by bacteria include all of the following EXCEPT A. an antibody to deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells. B. clotting factor VIII. C. human growth hormone. D. insulin.
A. an antibody to deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells.
The term "ligase" adds the suffix "-ase" to the Latin root word for A. bind. B. work. C. gene. D. cut. E. copy-producing.
A. bind.
Studies by Beadle and Tatum that produced the "one gene-one enzyme hypothesis" were conducted using the A. bread mold Neurospora crassa. B. bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. C. bacterium Escherichia coli. D. mouse. E. human.
A. bread mold Neurospora crassa.
The term "translation" comes from the Latin root words for A. carry-across. B. writing-across. C. produce-across. D. produce-anew. E. copy-producing.
A. carry-across.
The introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic use is called A. gene therapy. B. genetic profiling. C. human cloning. D. proteonomics.
A. gene therapy.
What is the first step in producing a transgenic animal? A. inject the desired gene(s) into a donor egg B. transgenic eggs are harvested from the surrogate mother C. implantation of a donor egg into the host mother D. transgenic organism produces offspring that have the desired gene which can then produce more transgenic offspring
A. inject the desired gene(s) into a donor egg
A transgenic organism is A. one that contains a gene from another organism of the same or different species. B. one produced by cloning a mutant cell. C. one that acts as the donor for DNA to be moved into another organism. D. one produced by the polymerase chain reaction. E. any genetically modified organism resulting from laboratory research.
A. one that contains a gene from another organism of the same or different species.
Which of the following is mismatched? A. polymerase chain reaction - process that separates DNA fragments according to size B. bioinformatics - the study of a genomic and proteomic information using computer analysis C. genomics - the study of the genomes of humans and other organisms D. proteomics - the study of species' proteins
A. polymerase chain reaction - process that separates DNA fragments according to size
Which of the classes of RNA molecules is linked with proteins in forming the large and small subunits of a cytoplasmic structure? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. primary mRNA transcript
A. ribosomal RNA
Which is the process by which a protein is constructed? A. translation B. transcription C. transposition D. transformation
A. translation
During the elongation of a polypeptide chain, _________ occurs when the mRNA moves to the next site on the ribosome to read the next codon. A. translocation B. transcription C. translation D. transference
A. translocation
In chromosome mapping, one map unit represents A. the distance between one gene and the next on a chromosome. B. 1% crossing over between two sites on a chromosome. C. 1% of the length of the chromosome. D. 10% crossing over between two sites on a chromosome. E. 10% of the length of the chromosome.
B. 1% crossing over between two sites on a chromosome.
When a bacterial spore is introduced to a new environment that is an appropriate medium for that species to grow, fission allows a rapid expansion of the population (2-4-8-16-32-64 . . . etc.). But there is usually a slight lag before the bacteria actually begin building up such a logarithmic growth curve. What is the best explanation? A. It takes time for sub-cellular units to evolve the ability to digest new media. B. A bacterium is not actively producing all the enzymes it can code for, and it takes time to induce and amplify the production of the currently needed enzymes. C. Binary fission becomes more and more efficient. D. A new media dissolves away repressor proteins. E. Structural genes act more slowly than metabolic genes.
B. A bacterium is not actively producing all the enzymes it can code for, and it takes time to induce and amplify the production of the currently needed enzymes.
If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences? A. UUCGUU B. TTCGTT C. AAGCAA D. UTCGTU E. TTCGTG
B. TTCGTT
What is the major reason why xenotransplantation is not being widely used in medicine today? A. There are not enough animal organs available for transplant. B. The human patient will often reject the animal organ. C. People are not willing to accept an animal organ during a transplant. D. There are not enough human organs to be able to transplant them to the animals in need.
B. The human patient will often reject the animal organ.
Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of A-A-A-C-A-A-C-T-T results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of A. G-G-G-A-G-A-A-C-C. B. U-U-U-G-U-U-G-A-A. C. T-T-T-G-A-A-G-C-C. D. C-C-C-A-C-C-T-C-C. E. none of the choices are correct.
B. U-U-U-G-U-U-G-A-A.
Which of the following would be transcribed into a piece of mRNA? A. a noncoding gene B. a protein-coding gene C. a promoter D. a ribozyme
B. a protein-coding gene
A ribozyme is A. a section of the DNA that is expressed in the mRNA. B. a self-splicing intron that acts like an enzyme. C. a complex made up of many ribosomes replicating the same strand of mRNA. D. one of the small ribosomal subunits. E. the enzyme that attaches amino acids to tRNA.
B. a self-splicing intron that acts like an enzyme.
What are alleles? A. genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color B. alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes C. the locations of genes on a chromosome D. recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes E. dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes
B. alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes
Transgenic _______ have been given suicide genes that cause them to self-destruct when the job for which they are engineered has been accomplished. A. animals B. bacteria C. plants D. fungi E. All of the choices are correct.
B. bacteria
What part of hemoglobin is affected in sickle cell anemia? A. alpha polypeptide chains B. beta polypeptide chains C. both alpha and beta polypeptide chains D. none of the choices are correct
B. beta polypeptide chains
An intervening sequence in a eukaryotic gene that is not an active part of the gene is called a/an A. exon. B. intron. C. replicon.
B. intron.
The portion of the tRNA that permits proper sequencing of amino acids to occur on the mRNA strand A. is a codon. B. is an anticodon. C. is specific for a specific amino acid. D. All of the choices are correct.
B. is an anticodon.
The function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering is to A. cut DNA into many fragments. B. make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA. C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA. D. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges. E. carry DNA into a new cell.
B. make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA.
X-linkage was discovered for the first time in A. ants. B. mice. C. chickens. D. fruit flies. E. humans.
B. mice.
To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), you must have DNA polymerase and A. a blueprint or gene map of the sequence you wish to copy. B. the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands. C. a DNA synthesizer machine. D. a DNA probe.
B. the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands.
Which is the process that synthesizes mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA? A. translation B. transcription C. transposition D. transformation
B. transcription
Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. primary mRNA transcript
B. transfer RNA
Which refers to the movement of a piece of one chromosome to another non homologous chromosome? A) inversion B) translocation C) deletion D) duplication E) monosomy
B. translocation
Xenotransplantation is the A. use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals. B. use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients. C. introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic use. D. separation of fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges.
B. use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients.
The term "transcription" comes from the Latin root words for A. carry-across. B. writing-across. C. produce-across. D. produce-anew. E. copy-producing.
B. writing-across.
The F2 offspring of a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents would produce the genotype(s) A. AA and Aa. B. Aa and aa. C. AA, Aa, and aa. D. AA only. E. Aa only.
C. AA, Aa, and aa.
Under which of the following circumstances would a DNA microarray be useful? A. It would enable doctors to determine which genes are responsible for producing diseased tissue in an individual. B. It would enable a researcher to determine the differences in gene expression between cell types. C. All of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful. D. None of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful. E. Researchers are trying to determine if an individual has inherited a genetic disease from their parents.
C. All of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful.
What consequences could arise if the field of bioinformatics ceased to exist as a field of study? A. Progress in determining the function of DNA sequences, making comparisons between our genome and other model organisms, and understanding how genes and proteins interact with cells would stop. B. Many cures for genetic disorders would not be discovered. C. All of these are consequences if the field of bioinformatics ceased to exist as a field of study. D. The creation of new transgenic plants, animals and bacteria that benefit society would not occur.
C. All of these are consequences if the field of bioinformatics ceased to exist as a field of study.
An unknown chemical is analyzed and found to contain the bases thymine and guanine. This chemical is most likely A. tRNA. B. mRNA. C. DNA. D. rRNA.
C. DNA.
What is the function of naturally occurring restriction enzymes in bacterial cells? A. They are used during DNA replication in the bacterial cell. B. They are used to degrade the bacterial cell's DNA. C. Restriction enzymes recognize and cleave DNA molecules that are foreign to the bacterial cell. D. These enzymes are used to attach pieces of DNA into an opening created by ligase enzymes.
C. Restriction enzymes recognize and cleave DNA molecules that are foreign to the bacterial cell.
The concept of an "inborn error of metabolism" was the first recognition of the relationship between gene activity and metabolic disease, made by A. Beadle and Tatum with parasitic molds. B. Pauling and Itano with sickle-cell anemia. C. Sir Archibold Garrod from general family inheritance patterns. D. Watson and Crick, as a natural outcome of their model of DNA. E. Gregor Mendel, who extrapolated his pea plant data to human diseases.
C. Sir Archibold Garrod from general family inheritance patterns.
Which description best fits the term xenotransplantation? A. The use of animal DNA during genetic modification. B. None of these descriptions fit xenotransplantation. C. The use of animal organs in human transplant patients. D. The use of human organs in animal transplants.
C. The use of animal organs in human transplant patients.
The first codon to be deciphered was ______, which codes for ________. A. AAA, proline B. GGG, alanine C. UUU, phenylalanine D. TTT, arginine E. CCC, glycine
C. UUU, phenylalanine
Which refers to the loss of a portion of a chromosome? A) inversion B) translocation C) deletion D) duplication E) monosomy
C. deletion
Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information as it is needed for the construction of a protein? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. primary mRNA transcript
C. messenger RNA
Today, it is most appropriate to state that a gene controls A. one enzyme. B. one protein. C. one polypeptide chain. D. one amino acid. E. one starch, amino acid or lipid molecule.
C. one polypeptide chain.
A common method used to introduce rDNA into bacterial host cells is A. microinjection of DNA. B. viral infection. C. plasmid transfer. D. bacteriophage infection. E. laser irradiation of cells in a fluid containing DNA.
C. plasmid transfer.
The idea that a single gene coded for a polypeptide rather than an enzyme was evident from the A. use of X rays to make nutritional mutants in bread mold. B. transformation of bacteria from rough and non-virulent to smooth and virulent. C. presence of a mutation in one chain of hemoglobin but not in the other. D. discovery that mutated genes changed enzymes in a biochemical pathway. E. finding that some genes in eukaryotes are split by introns.
C. presence of a mutation in one chain of hemoglobin but not in the other.
All of the following are associated with the role of ribosomes EXCEPT A. several ribosomes are often attached to and translating the same mRNA. B. joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide. C. prevents the anticodon of tRNA from aligining the associated amino acid in the wrong position in the developing strand. D. no protein synthesis within a cell would occur without ribosomes.
C. prevents the anticodon of tRNA from aligining the associated amino acid in the wrong position in the developing strand.
What enzyme is used to make cDNA from mRNA? A. DNA ligase B. helicase C. reverse transcriptase D. RNA polymerase E. restriction enzyme
C. reverse transcriptase
The function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology is to A. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges. B. cut DNA into many fragments. C. seal DNA into an opening created by restriction enzymes. D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA. E. carry DNA into a new cell.
C. seal DNA into an opening created by restriction enzymes.
Transgenic plant products include all of the following EXCEPT A. soybeans that are resistant to a common herbicide. B. an antibody produced by soybeans to treat genital herpes. C. suicide genes that cause the plants to self destruct after their product has been produced. D. antibodies produced by corn plants that deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells.
C. suicide genes that cause the plants to self destruct after their product has been produced.
Plants are being genetically engineered to have A. a requirement for more fertilizer. B. an increased water requirement. C. the ability to produce human proteins. D. increased susceptibility to herbicides. E. All of the choices are correct.
C. the ability to produce human proteins.
All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT A. each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence. B. they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join to two different DNA strands by complementary base pairing. C. they are made by bacteria and viruses. D. hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified.
C. they are made by bacteria and viruses.
Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in DNA, not in RNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine
C. thymine
The organisms on the Galápagos Islands that were most important to the development of Darwin's theory of natural selection were A. rabbits and hares. B. plants and fungi. C. tortoises and finches. D. snails and fish. E. monkeys and armadillos.
C. tortoises and finches.
What was the minimal requirement for "classic DNA fingerprinting" to associate a blood sample with thecriminal, or to estimate the evolutionary similarity of an extinct quagga as closer to a zebra than a horse? A. one sample of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis B. one sample of DNA, restriction enzymes, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis C. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis D. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis E. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and a DNA synthesizer
C. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis
On a hypothetical planet, life evolves based on a DNA-like molecule with six rather than four nucleotides. Which table reflects the number of bases for each number of codons and the corresponding number of combinations of different amino acids that could be specified? A. 1-4 2-10 3-16 4-22 B. 1-6 2-10 3-16 4-22 C. 1-6 2-18 3-108 4-648 D. 1-6 2-36 3-216 4-1296
D. 1-6 2-36 3-216 4-1296
Place the following steps in cloning DNA in the correct order 1 - use vector to deliver new rDNA to bacterial or other cells 2 - use restriction enzymes to cut a plasmid and add the desired gene 3 - isolate and cut out a desired gene using restriction enzymes 4 - use DNA ligase to seal the new gene 5 - allow bacterial cells to replicate and produce desired product A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 C. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4 D. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
D. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
In what field of study would scientists predict a protein's three-dimensional shape and how DNA mutations would affect protein function. A. Bioinformatics B. Proteomics C. Genomics D. All of the above
D. All of the above
All of the following statements about CNVs are true EXCEPT A. CNVs occur when genes have changed their number. B. the changes may result from fork stalling and template switching. C. CNVs have known links to disease. D. All of the above are true.
D. All of the above are true.
Familial hypercholesterolemia A. is characterized by high blood levels of cholesterol. B. is a condition that develops when liver cells lack a receptor protein for removing cholesterol from the blood. C. may be treated by ex vivo gene therapy. D. All of the above are true. E. Only two of the above are true.
D. All of the above are true.
Gene therapy in humans has been used to treat A. cystic fibrosis. B. cancer. C. inborn errors of metabolism. D. All of the above. E. A and C only.
D. All of the above.
Codons are A. triplets coding for a single amino acid. B. the alphabet of the genetic language. C. redundant in their coding for various amino acids. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Human gene therapy A. includes the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disease. B. has been used for treatment of children who have severe combined immunodeficiency. C. has been used in a trial to treat familial hypercholesterolemia. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
With both bacterial and eukaryotic cells constantly dying and breaking down around us, and with a tremendous load of fragmentary DNA washing around in the fluid world, why aren't genes being transferred among various living organisms at a massive scale daily? A. DNA that is not protected inside a protein coat or membrane is very vulnerable. B. Living cells maintain a very effective barrier to the introduction of large molecules. C. Since a vector appears necessary to snatch up DNA from one protected source and inject it into a cell, "naked" DNA is apparently vulnerable and unable to cross membranes easily. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices are correct, since DNA is readily exchanged among all organisms in nature.
D. All of the choices are correct.
What is the blending theory of inheritance? A.Mendel's theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring through the gametes B. Darwin's theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parent's body into the gamete to be transmitted to the offspring C.The modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring D. An old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents
D. An old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents
Darwin's observation that there were Patagonian hares but no rabbits in South America would be considered ______________ evidence. A. anatomical B. biochemical C. fossil D. biogeographical
D. biogeographical
When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient, infected with a virus that carries a normal gene, and returned to the patient, this is an example of A. viral disinfection. B. chemotherapy. C. in vivo gene therapy. D. ex vivo gene therapy. E. PCR.
D. ex vivo gene therapy.
The use of electrophoresis in hemoglobin was important because it showed that A. human hemoglobin is different from mouse hemoglobin. B. human hemoglobin is missing in sickle-cell anemia patients. C. normal hemoglobin is longer than sickle-cell hemoglobin. D. normal hemoglobin has a different electrical charge than sickle-cell hemoglobin. E. normal hemoglobin is shorter than sickle-cell hemoglobin.
D. normal hemoglobin has a different electrical charge than sickle-cell hemoglobin.
Which of the classes of RNA molecules is never found in the cytosol? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. primary mRNA transcript
D. primary mRNA transcript
Which of the following molecules forms lengths of DNA with "sticky ends"? A. RNA polymerase B. reverse transcriptase C. DNA ligase D. restriction enzyme E. DNA polymerase
D. restriction enzyme
Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA A. attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acids. B. must first undergo replication. C. contains anticodons that must become codons. D. serves as a template for the production of mRNA. E. adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D. serves as a template for the production of mRNA.
