Biology 111 exam

In the human ovarian cycle, ovulation is triggered by a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH). What is the cause of this sharp rise?

A rise in estradiol from the follicle

What is an advantage of internal fertilization?

Internal fertilization can occur outside of aquatic or marine habitats.

What is the relationship between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells?

Leydig cells stimulate the production of sperm cells, and Sertoli cells nourish developing sperm.

Which of the following is a difference between reproduction of humans (and other primates) and all other mammals?

Only humans (and other primates) have menstrual cycles.

In which location does fertilization usually take place in a human female?

Oviduct

Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its function?

Seminiferous tubule - adds fluid containing mucus, fructose, and prostaglandins to semen Scrotum - encases testes and suspends them below the abdominal cavity Epididymis - tubules in which sperm mature Prostate gland - adds fluid to semen Vas deferens - transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the development of sperm in the process of spermatogenesis?

Spermatogonial stem cell - spermatogonium - primary spermocyte - secondary spermocyte - early spermatid - sperm cell

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the cleavage stage of early development?

There is no increase in mass. The pattern of cleavage is similar in all species. Although the rate of cleavage differs, the number of divisions that occur in the cleavage stage is the same for all species. The yolk is mostly consumed. Embryonic germ layers are formed during cleavage.

Certain maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, and radiation are most dangerous to embryonic development during ___________.

the first three months, when organogenesis is occurring

Which of the following statements correctly describes how the production of human sperm and eggs differs?

Meiosis is an uninterrupted process in males, whereas in females it resumes when a follicle matures and is only completed when a sperm penetrates the egg.

Which of the following is the correct path that sperm travel in leaving the body of a human male?

Seminiferous tubule - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra

A hermaphrodite is __________.

an individual with both male and female reproductive systems

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle ___________.

coincides with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Which hormone is produced by the human embryo during the first trimester and is necessary for maintaining a pregnancy?

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

The ectoderm germ layer gives rise to the __________.

jaws, teeth, and epidermis of the skin

The human female's external reproductive structures are __________.

the clitoris, two sets of labia, and vaginal opening