Biology 1700 Chapter 11

In which phase of mitosis do microtubules shorten? A. Anaphase B. Telophase C. Metaphase D. Prophase

A

In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform? A. Telophase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Anaphase

A

For each description below, choose the type of cell division it characterizes. 1. Forms genetically identical daughter cells 2. Forms genetically unique daughter cells 3. Forms four daughter cells 4. Parent cell undergoes two rounds of cell division 5. Homologous chromosomes exchange DNA prior to dividing 6. Forms diploid daughter cells 7. Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis 8. Follows a single round of replication a. Meiosis b. Mitosis c. Both Mitosis and Meiosis

1. c 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. c

Match each of the following cellular processes with the phase of the cell cycle in which it occurs. 1. Separation of genetically identical daughter cells 2. Expression of regulatory proteins and enzymes required for replication 3. Synthesis of cell components required for mitosis 4. Separation of replicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell gets the same complement of chromosomes 5. Replication of DNA a. Second Gap Phase b. First Gap Phase c. M Phase d. S Phase e. Cytokinesis

1. e 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. d

At the start of mitosis, how many sister chromatids are present in a human cell? A. 23 B. 92 C. 46 D. 12

B

A phragmoplast functions to: A. Form a new cell wall. B. Stimulate the growth of the microtubule spindle. C. Anchor microtubules to sister chromatids. D. Breakdown the nuclear envelope.

A

At the start of mitosis, how many centromeres are present in a human cell? A. 46 B. 23 C. 92 D. 12

A

Colchicine is a drug that is used in plant breeding to create polyploids. It blocks the assembly of microtubules. If dividing cells are treated with Colchicine, at what stage of mitosis would you predict the arrest would occur? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Late Anaphase D. Telophase E. G1 of interphase

A

Crossing over occurs during which step in meiosis? A. Prophase I B. Anaphase I C. Prophase II D. Metaphase I

A

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense? A. Prophase B. Anaphase C. Telophase D. Metaphase

A

Paramecium is a single-cell eukaryotic organism that can reproduce by mitotic cell division. Prior to the M phase of the cell cycle, which of the following must occur? A. The cell must replicate its chromosomes. B. The cell must first be fertilized. C. The nucleus must divide. D. Chromatids must be separated. E. The nuclear envelope must disintegrate.

A

Predict what would happen if crossing over occurred as part of mitosis. A. Daughter cells would not be genetically identical, and they could contain two copies of the same allele. B. There would be no effect since sister chromatids separate in anaphase. C. Daughter cells would not be genetically identical. D. Daughter cells could contain two copies of the same allele.

A

Synapsis is best described as: A. The alignment of homologous chromosomes in prophase I. B. The exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids. C. The exchange of genetic information between sister chromatids. D. The alignment of non-sister chromatids at the metaphase plate.

A

What is the function of histone proteins? A. To organize DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes B. To connect chromosomes to the mitotic spindle C. To organize the microtubules that make up the spindle D. To attach sister chromatids together

A

What would happen if crossing over occurred between sister chromatids? A. Nothing, sister chromatids are identical. B. Genetic diversity would decrease due to the loss of gene combinations. C. Genetic diversity would increase due to the addition of gene combinations. D. Gene rearrangement would lead to changes in gene expression.

A

What would happen to the daughter cells if the G1 phase of the parent cell is shortened? A. The cells would be smaller than normal. B. The cells would be missing chromosomes. C. The cells would not undergo cytokinesis. D. The cells would be larger than normal.

A

Which of the following happens during Prophase I of meiosis? A. Recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes B. Recombination between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes C. Recombination between non-sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes D. Recombination between sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes

A

Which of the following would most likely contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation (i.e., cancer)? A. A mutant CDK that was active in the absence of its cyclin binding partner. B. A mutant cyclin that cannot bind to its normal CDK binding partner. C. A mutant microtubule synthesis/polymerization enzyme. D. A mutant DNA replication mechanism causing extra chromosome copies. E. A mutant kinetochore protein that causes reduced microtubule attachment.

A

A cell that is not actively dividing is in what phase of the cell cycle? A. G1 B. G0 C. G1' D. G null

B

A skin cell in G2 of interphase has ____________ as much DNA as it had in G1. A. Half B. Twice C. The same amount D. One-fourth E. Four times

B

A zygote is: A. Haploid. B. Diploid. C. Polyploid. D. Monoploid.

B

All of the following happen during mitosis except ____________. A. Condensing of the chromosomes B. Synthesis of DNA C. Formation of the spindle D. Uncoupling of the chromatids at the centromeres

B

How must spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes during anaphase of meiosis I? A. Microtubules attach using their minus (slow growing) ends. B. Microtubules only attach to one kinetochore per homologous pair. C. Microtubules attach to the chiasma. D. Microtubules attach at the centrosomes.

B

Muscle cells are multinucleate, meaning that multiple nuclei are present in the cytoplasm of a large cell. Predict what is different about the cell cycle in a muscle cell. A. The G1 and G2 phases are extended. B. Cytokinesis does not occur. C. S phase happens twice. D. M phase is inhibited.

B

The correct sequence of steps in the M phase of the cell cycle is ____________. A. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, nuclear division B. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis C. Prophase, metaphase, prometaphase, anaphase, nuclear division, telophase D. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis, nuclear division

B

Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiotic cell division? A. Cell division results in the production of gametes. B. Daughter cells are genetically identical. C. Cell division results in the formation of four daughter cells. D. Cell division requires two rounds of nuclear division.

B

At what step in meiosis do the daughter cells become haploid? A. Metaphase II B. Anaphase II C. Anaphase I D. Prophase II

C

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell? A. Anaphase B. Telophase C. Metaphase D. Prophase

C

Malignancies develop step-wise over time because: A. It takes time for a benign tumor to be able to dissolve through its encapsulation before it can invade neighboring tissues. B. Benign tumor cells divide slowly and in a step-wise pattern. C. It takes multiple mutations of multiple genes to allow cancer cells to rapidly divide and invade tissues. D. Cells keep leaving the benign tumor and are destroyed in lymph nodes. E. All of these choices are correct.

C

Synapsis is best described as: A. The exchange of genetic information between sister chromatids. B. The alignment of non-sister chromatids at the metaphase plate. C. The alignment of homologous chromosomes in prophase I. D. The exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids.

C

What is the function of the centromere? A. To attach the DNA to the plasma membrane B. To attach the chromosome to the spindle C. To attach the sister chromatids to each other D. To organize the microtubules to form a spindle

C

When in the cell cycle would you find sister chromatids? A. S B. G1 C. S and G2. D. G2

C

Which of the following would be most likely to lead to the development of cancer? A. The activation of a tumor suppressor gene B. The activation of a proto-oncogene C. The activation of an oncogene and an inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene D. The activation of an oncogene and the activation of a tumor suppressor gene

C

Why don't plant cells use a contractile ring to divide their daughter cells? A. Plant cells don't have an actin cytoskeleton. B. Plant cells don't form daughter cells. C. A contractile ring can't "pinch" a cell wall. D. Plant cells don't have plasma membranes.

C

Why would a compound that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis be useful for the treatment of an infection? A. It would prevent the cells from becoming larger. B. It would prevent replication of DNA. C. It would limit the spread of the infection. D. It would prevent replication of DNA, and it would limit the spread of the infection.

C

A human cell with a total of 23 chromosomes would be considered: A. Euploid. B. Polyploid. C. Diploid. D. Haploid.

D

Another name for non-sister chromatids is: A. Chiasmata. B. Bivalents. C. Diploids. D. Homologous chromosomes.

D

Asexual reproduction occurs in: A. Unicellular eukaryotes. B. Skin cells. C. Plant dermal cells. D. All of these choices are correct.

D

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated during ____________. A. Mitosis B. Meiosis I and mitosis C. Meiosis II and mitosis D. Meiosis I E. Meiosis II

D

How does meiosis generate genetic diversity? A. Synapsis B. Random alignment at metaphase I C. Crossing over D. Both crossing over and random alignment at metaphase I

D

Polar bodies are: A. Produced by mitosis. B. Functional gametes that are produced by mitosis. C. Functional gametes. D. Haploid cells.

D

The microtubules that form the mitotic spindle grow out from the centrosome. Where would you expect to find the plus (fast growing) end of a spindle microtubule? A. At the centrosome B. Away from the centrosome C. At the kinetochore D. Away from the centrosome, at the kinetochore

D

The prokaryotic protein FtsZ is evolutionarily related to eukaryotic tubulin. What does this mean? A. The gene sequence for FtsZ is similar to tubulin. B. The amino acid sequence for FtsZ is similar to tubulin. C. The overall protein structure of FtsZ is similar to tubulin. D. All of these choices are correct.

D

What would happen if a chromosome only connected to the mitotic spindle at one of its kinetochores? A. One of the daughter cells would have an extra copy of that chromosome. B. The sister chromatids would not separate. C. The chromosome would not line up properly at metaphase. D. All of these choices are correct.

D

When do sister chromatids separate in meiosis? A. Metaphase II B. Anaphase I C. Telophase I D. Anaphase II

D

Which of the following statements is true regarding binary fission? A. Proteins only anchor the originalcircular genome to the plasma membrane; the copy produced by DNA replication is free-floating. B. In binary fission, cell division is typically asymmetrical, with one daughter cell appearing much smaller than the other. C. Tubulin, rather than FtsZ, is responsible for cell division during binary fission. D. DNA replication during binary fission is a bidirectionalprocess, occurring in opposite directions. E. None of the above answers are correct.

D

Why are the sex chromosomes not considered homologous? A. Because they come from different parents B. Because they do not carry the same collection of genes C. Because males carry two very different chromosomes D. Because they do not carry the same collection of genes, and because males carry two very different chromosomes

D

Sister chromatids are best described as two DNA molecules that have ____________. A. The same genes in the same order but having different alleles. B. The same alleles of the same genes in a different order. C. Different genes in the same order and possibly having different alleles of some genes. D. Different alleles of the same genes arranged in a different order. E. Virtually identical sequences of nucleotides.

E

Which of the following is not true of mitotic cell division? A. It occurs in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes. B. It is a highly regulated process. C. It is a form of asexual reproduction. D. It is a process that is very important in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. E. It does not require DNA replication.

E

Which of the following reproduce by binary fission? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Chloroplasts D. Mitochondria E. All of these choices are correct.

E

True or false: During meiosis, two rounds of DNA synthesis are required to form four gametes from one parent cell.

False

True/False the alignment of chromosomes at metaphase of meiosis II is most similar to the alignment of chromosomes during metaphase of mitosis.

True