Biology 182 - Chapter 45: How Climate Affects the Distribution of Species on Earth

On the windward side of a mountain, the warm, moist air flows upward and cools, releasing precipitation. On the side of the mountain sheltered from the wind, the drier air descends, producing what is called a _______ _______.

rain shadow

As the solar equator moves seasonally there are predictable _____ seasons 20-30 degrees north and south of the equator

rainy

Variation in temperature as different latitudes of Earth are influenced by ______ energy

solar

_____ zones have high pressure with relatively dry air as most of the moisture has been lost over the equator.

subsidence

The biome called taiga is also known as ...

temperate coniferous forest

Rainy seasons are found in which areas given below?

20 degrees north and south of the equator

Which of the following describes atmospheric conditions in the polar regions? A. Cool air descending with little moisture B. Cool air that produces rainfall C. Warm air rising and producing precipitation D. Warm air rising to cool the land

A

Which of the following statements is correct? A. The land heats and cools more quickly than the sea B. The sea heats and cools more quickly than the land C. The sea and the land heat and cool at the same rate

A

Select factors that can affect the distribution of organisms, outside of climatic conditions such as temperature and precipitation A. Continental Drift B. Evolution C. Spontaneous generation D. Genetic engineering

A & B

Select all the reasons as to why there is less heat at high latitudes A. The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely (not in a direct way) B. The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere C. The thinner air in the mountains cannot retain the heat D. There is less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A and B

Select the following global patterns that are influenced by solar energy. A. Precipitation B. Atmospheric circulation C. Continental drift D. Hydro thermal vent expansion

A and B

On mountains, increasing elevation leads to _____ in a process called ____ cooling

A decrease in air pressure and temperature; adiabatic

Which of the statements given below accurately describes the impact of the Earth's tilt on seasons found throughout the year? Choose all that apply? A. For one half of the year the Northern hemisphere receives more solar energy than the Southern hemisphere B. Temperature variation can be extreme throughout the year as one moves farther from the equator C. Temperature variation can be extreme at the equator and less variable as one moves away from the equator D. Earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees throughout the year

A, B, and D.

How can mountaintop vegetation in tropical areas have the characteristics of vegetation in colder biome?

An ascent in altitude produces in temperature change that can be the equivalent to a latitude change

In which of the following zones would you expect to find temperate forests? A. Equatorial B. 45-55 North C. 20-30 South D. Polar

B

Which of the following statements about the ten board terrestrial biomes is correct? A. Each biome's communities have unique and distinctive characteristics, and biomes never grade with each other. B. All communities fit neatly within the biomes, and each biome has distinct boundaries. C. Not all communities fit neatly within the biomes because one biome type often grades into another at boundaries.

C

The slow movement of the Earth's surface plates is called:

Continental Drift

_____ reefs are marine biomes that exist in water that is at least 20 degrees Celsius but less than 30 degrees Celsius

Coral

Why is Florida not a desert even though it occurs around 30 degrees North latitude?

Effects of the sea

True or false: Because South America, Africa, and Australia have similar biomes, they also have similar animal life

False

The _______ brings warm water from the Caribbean and the United States across the Atlantic to modify the climate of Europe

Gulf Stream

The _____ deserts occur at 20-30 degrees latitude because the warm air that rose at the equator has little moisture to provide having dropped the moisture at the equatorial rain forests

Hot

What biome has temperatures that vary from below freezing at night to 50 degrees Celsius during the day

Hot desert

Match each hemisphere to the direction of flow of its major ocean currents Northern Southern Clockwise Counterclockwise

Northern - Clockwise Southern - Counterclockwise

In mountains, when air is blown across the Earth's surface and up over the mountains, it cools as air expands because of:

Reduced pressure

Tropical grassland is also called _____ and supports the greatest assemblage of large terrestrial mammals on Earth

Savannah

Large expanses of open water help to moderate temperature extremes in the ______ hemisphere.

Southern

In addition to the wet equatorial zone, what additional precipitation zone is produced due to rising producing rainfall?

Temperate forests at 45-55 degrees

What ocean current brings cool conditions to the western coast of South America and almost to the equator?

The Humboldt Current

What is the definition of climate?

The prevailing weather pattern of a given region

What characterizes the trees in tropical deciduous forest?

They often shed their leaves

What biome has an average temperature between -5 C and -15 C, very low amounts of precipitation, and a short growing season?

Tundra

In the process of adiabatic cooling, an increase in elevation leads to ...

a decrease in air pressure, allowing for expansion of the cooling air

The distribution patterns of some groups of animals are confined to a region that corresponds largely to continents but more exactly to areas bounded by major barriers to dispersal. This region is called:

biogeographical region

Continental drift led to:

change in relative location of the landmasses on Earth

Temperature in a region is not only affected by atmospheric circulation patterns, but also by mountains, with temperature _______ with increasing elevation.

decreasing

Climate includes the temperature, wind, precipitation, and light patterns in a region in a region of the world and affects the _____

distribution and abundance of organisms in that region

The distance that wind has blown over the open water is called ...

fetch

The marine biome called the ______ zone is the area where the land meets the sea, and is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of tides.

intertidal

A freshwater _____ habitat consists of still, often deep water, such as that in the Everglades National Park in Florida

lentic

The well-aerated, flowing water of freshwater ____ habitats are often able to support fish population

lotic

The tidal force of the ____ is 2.2 times greater than the tidal force of the _____.

moon; sun