BIOLOGY 2114/ Unit III Study Guide MC

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? a. Assists with homeostasis of body pH b. Distributes oxygen to cells c. Filters air d. Warms air

B. distributes oxygen to cells

Which of the following does not distribute air? a. Trachea b. Bronchus c. Alveolus d. Nose

C. alveolus

Alveolar ventilation is inspired air minus: a. anatomical dead air space. b. tidal volume. c. reserve volume. d. residual volume.

a. anatomical dead air space

Which is a pyramid-shaped cartilage that is an attachment point of the vocal cords? a. Arytenoid b. Thyroid c. Epiglottis d. Adam's apple

a. arytenoid

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? a. Ciliated respiratory mucosa b. Alveolar epithelium c. Capillary epithelium d. All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane.

a. ciliated respiratory mucosa (wright)

Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine

a. esophagus

In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: a. horizontal fissure. b. oblique fissure. c. bronchopulmonary segments. d. hilum.

a. horizontal fissure

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? a. It separates the nasal and cranial cavities. b. It forms the lateral aspects of the nose. c. It separates the internal nose from the mouth. d. It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity.

a. it separates the nasal and cranial cavities

Which of these structures is not part of the lower respiratory tract? a. Larynx b. Trachea c. Lungs d. All of the above are part of the lower respiratory tract.

a. larynx

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: a. maxillary. b. frontal. c. ethmoid. d. sphenoid.

a. maxillary

Vital capacity is defined as the: a. maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forced respiration. b. volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inspiration. c. volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled at the end of a normal expiration. d. total volume of air contained in the respiratory passages.

a. maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forced respiration.

Which pair of tonsils is located in the nasopharynx? a. Pharyngeal tonsils b. Palatine tonsils c. Lingual tonsils d. Both B and C

a. pharyngeal tonsils

Which of the following constitutes total lung volume? a. Residual volume and vital capacity b. Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume c. Residual volume and tidal volume d. Vital capacity and tidal volume

a. residual volume and vital capacity

The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: a. septum. b. conchae. c. cribriform plate. d. turbinates.

a. septum

The type of cell designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. a. simple columnar b. stratified squamous c. simple squamous d. pseudostratified

a. simple columnar

Which of these is the only opening to the oropharynx? a. The fauces b. Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes) c. Posterior nares d. The esophagus

a. the fauces

If a person were skiing high up in the mountains, she might feel that she is having trouble breathing (getting enough oxygen in her blood). This is because the: a. thoracic cavity has a difficult time lowering the internal pressure below the lower atmospheric pressure. b. lower atmospheric pressure lowers the PO2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is less. c. lower atmospheric pressure lowers the PO2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is greater. d. physiological dead air space increases and atmospheric pressure decreases.

a. thoracic cavity has a difficult time lowering the internal pressure below the lower atmospheric pressure. ??

The more common name for the pharynx is the: a. throat. b. windpipe. c. voice box. d. nasal cavity.

a. throat

Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx? a. Trachea b. Eustachian tube c. The fauces d. Esophagus

a. trachea (wright)

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? a. Vestibule b. Posterior nares c. Trachea d. Primary bronchi

a. vestibule lined with skin

The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. a. 5 b. 11 c. 17 d. 24

b. 11

The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. a. 23 b. 160 c. 300 d. 590

b. 160

If the tidal volume were 600 ml, the alveolar ventilation would be about _____ ml. a. 550 b. 400 c. 300 d. 250

b. 400

The total number of lobes in both lungs is: a. 6. b. 5. c. 4. d. 3.

b. 5

The small openings in the cribriform plate function to: a. allow air to move between the nostrils. b. allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain. c. provide a filtering system for the inspired air. d. do both A and B.

b. allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain (wright)

The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is: a. in solution. b. as bicarbonate ions. c. as carbaminohemoglobin. d. none of the above.

b. as bicarbonate ions (wright)

A sudden rise in arterial blood pressure will: a. cause a reflex increase in rate and depth of respirations. b. cause a reflex slowing of respirations. c. have no effect on respirations because of the control mechanisms in the cerebral cortex. d. cause an immediate decrease in respirations followed by a prolonged period of rapid and shallow respirations.

b. cause a reflex slowing of respirations

Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood? a. As oxyhemoglobin b. Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) c. Dissolved in the plasma d. All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood.

b. combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) (wright)

Olfactory epithelium is found: a. lining the nasopharynx. b. covering the superior turbinate. c. lining the paranasal sinuses. d. in all of the above.

b. covering the superior turbinate

Which of the following is a paired cartilage in the larynx? a. Thyroid b. Cuneiform c. Epiglottis d. None of the above

b. cuneiform (wright)

Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would be most likely to cause: a. increased residual volume. b. decreased vital capacity. c. increased functional reserve volume. d. decreased tidal volume.

b. decreased vital capacity

Air inhaled through the mouth would be _____ than air inhaled through the nose. a. warmer b. dirtier c. moister d. All of the above are correct.

b. dirtier (wright)

The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called: a. compliance. b. elastic recoil. c. expiration. d. ventilation.

b. elastic recoil

When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: a. inspiration occurs. b. expiration occurs. c. lung tissue has collapsed. d. the bronchioles are obstructed.

b. expiration occurs

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many carbon dioxide molecules? a. Two b. Four c. Eight d. Hemoglobin cannot carry carbon dioxide molecules.

b. four

The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: a. inspiratory capacity and the residual volume. b. inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. c. tidal volume, residual volume, and expiratory reserve volume. d. inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory capacity.

b. inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume (wright)

The inspiratory center is located in what part of the nervous system? a. Pons b. Medulla c. Cerebellum d. Cerebrum

b. medulla

All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: a. tongue. b. mouth. c. liver. d. pancreas.

b. mouth (wright)

At the level of the hyoid bone, the: a. laryngopharynx becomes the esophagus. b. oropharynx becomes the laryngopharynx. c. nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx. d. nasopharynx becomes the laryngopharynx.

b. oropharynx becomes the laryngopharynx per mr. wright

Which of the following are not part of the external portion of the nose? a. Nasal bones b. Palatine bones c. Alar cartilages d. All of the above are part of the external portion of the nose.

b. palatine bones

The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. a. stratified columnar b. pseudostratified columnar c. simple squamous d. simple columnar

b. pseudostratified columnar (wright)

Gas exchange occurs across the: a. respiratory mucosa. b. respiratory membrane. c. visceral pleura. d. pulmonary membrane.

b. respiratory membrane

After leaving the stomach, food enters the: a. large intestine. b. small intestine. c. esophagus. d. rectum.

b. small intestine

Which describes the role of surfactant in the respiratory system? a. Surfactant helps increase surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. b. Surfactant helps reduce surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. c. Surfactant provides a layer of protective mucus that covers a large portion of the membrane that lines the respiratory tree, thereby purifying the air during inhalation. d. Surfactant helps increase surface area, which increases the rate of gas exchange within the alveoli.

b. surfactant helps reduce surface tension within the alveoli, thus preventing each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration

The more common term for deglutition is: a. chewing. b. swallowing. c. mechanical digestion. d. vomiting.

b. swallowing

The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: a. larynx. b. trachea. c. oropharynx. d. nasopharynx.

b. trachea

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? a. Oral cavity b. Trachea c. Rib cage d. Diaphragm

b. trachea (wright)

Which statement describes the function of the turbinates in the respiratory tract? a. Turbinates contain the vibrissae, which serve as an initial "filter" to screen particulate matter from the air. b. Turbinates serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx. c. Turbinates lighten the bones of the skull and serve as resonating chambers for speech. d. Turbinates are lined with a ciliated membrane and form two cartilaginous folds that serve as the vestibular vocal cords.

b. turbinates serve as baffles to provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx

For purposes of study, the respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? a. Air distribution and gas exchange b. Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract c. Trachea and lungs d. Cranial and thoracic

b. upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

The length of the pharynx is about _____ cm. a. 3.5 b. 8.5 c. 12.5 d. 17.5

c. 12.5

If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. a. 50 b. 100 c. 150 d. 200

c. 150

Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg. a. 650 b. 700 c. 760 d. 800

c. 760

During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: a. cohesion of visceral and parietal pleura. b. a pressure gradient from alveoli to atmosphere. c. a decrease in alveolar pressure. d. an increase in intrathoracic pressure from about -6 to -4 mm Hg.

c. a decrease in alveolar pressure (wright)

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? a. Vestibule anterior nares inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares b. Inferior, middle, and superior meatus nostrils vestibule posterior nares c. Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares d. Anterior nares posterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus

c. anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares

Which type of breathing is characterized by repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea, and is usually seen in people with increased intracranial pressure? a. Hyperpnea b. Dyspnea c. Biot's breathing d. Eupnea

c. biot's breathing

The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: a. enamel. b. dentin. c. cementum. d. pulp.

c. cementum

The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: a. choanae. b. paranasal sinuses. c. conchae. d. vibrissae.

c. conchae (wright)

Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? a. Transport of gases b. Gas exchange in lungs and tissue c. Control of cell metabolism rate d. Pulmonary ventilation

c. control of cell metabolism (wright)

Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? a. Aids in forming vowel sounds b. Provides pathway for food c. Determines the quality of the voice d. Provides pathway for air

c. determines the quality of the voice

Labored or difficult breathing is known as: a. apnea. b. hyperpnea. c. dyspnea. d. eupnea.

c. dyspnea

The cribriform plate is part of the: a. nasal bone. b. palatine bone. c. ethmoid bone. d. nasal conchae.

c. ethmoid bone

Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? a. Vallate b. Fungiform c. Filiform d. Lingual

c. filiform

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules? a. One b. Two c. Four d. Eight

c. four

The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue. a. two b. three c. four d. five

c. four

The hard palate consists of portions of: a. four bones: three maxillae and one palatine. b. two bones: one maxillae and one palatine. c. four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. d. two bones: two palatines.

c. four bones: two maxillae and two palatines

The amount of air left in the lung after a normal expiration is called: a. anatomical dead air space. b. physiological dead air space. c. functional residual capacity. d. vital capacity.

c. functional residual capacity.

Cellular respiration occurs: a. in the alveoli. b. on the red blood cell. c. in the mitochondria. d. in both A and B.

c. in the mitochondria (wright)

Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus? a. Frontal b. Maxillary c. Mandibular d. Sphenoid

c. mandibular

Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity? a. Left pleural division b. Right pleural division c. Medial pleural division d. Mediastinum

c. medial pleural division

The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: a. trachea. b. nose. c. nasopharynx. d. oropharynx.

c. nasopharynx

The more correct name for a sore throat is: a. rhinitis. b. laryngitis. c. pharyngitis. d. tonsillitis.

c. pharyngitis

The function of surfactant is to: a. transport oxygen from the air to the blood. b. transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the air. c. prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. d. trap foreign particles as they enter the bronchial tree.

c. prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration

The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the: a. left pleural cavity. b. right pleural cavity. c. respiratory cavity. d. mediastinum.

c. respiratory cavity

An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: a. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. b. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, and mucosa. c. serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. d. muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, and serosa.

c. serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa ??

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? a. Esophagus b. Large intestine c. Small intestine d. Stomach

c. small intestine

Internal respiration can be defined as: a. the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung. b. pulmonary ventilation. c. the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissues cells. d. both A and B.

c. the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissues cells (wright)

Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? a. Their origin is the hyoid bone. b. They move the larynx as a whole. c. They serve in voice production. d. Both A and B are correct.

c. they serve in voice production

The term used to describe the volume of air exchanged during normal inspiration and expiration is: a. inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume. b. vital capacity. c. tidal volume. d. residual volume.

c. tidal volume

The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: a. fauces. b. frenulum. c. uvula. d. gingiva.

c. uvula

Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? a. 200 ml b. 500 ml c. 750 ml d. 1 liter

d. 1 liter

By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood's hemoglobin has united with oxygen? a. 55% b. 63% c. 82% d. 97%

d. 97%

Which muscles are used for forced expiration? a. Sternocleidomastoid and abdominal muscles b. Sternocleidomastoid and intercostals c. External intercostals and pectoralis muscles d. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

d. abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: a. bone marrow. b. a serous fluid. c. mucus. d. air.

d. air (wright)

The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: a. nostrils. b. anterior nares. c. external nares. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above

Which of these structures is not part of the nasal septum? a. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone b. Vomer bone c. Vomeronasal cartilage d. All of the above are part of the nasal septum.

d. all of the above are part of the nasal septum

Which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute? a. The total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane b. Alveolar ventilation c. The oxygen pressure gradient between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary blood d. All of the above help determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute.

d. all of the above help determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute

Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the: a. bronchioles. b. secondary bronchi. c. primary bronchi. d. alveoli.

d. alveoli (wright)

External respiration can be defined as: a. the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung. b. pulmonary ventilation. c. the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissue cells. d. both A and B.

d. both A and B. (wright)

Which of the following will cause brief apnea? a. Sudden painful stimulus b. Increase in carbon dioxide in the blood c. Sudden cold stimulus applied to the skin d. Both A and C

d. both A and C

The vomeronasal organ: a. is the structure that joins the nasal cavity and the vomer bone. b. is vestigial with no known function in the adult. c. may be able to respond to complex chemicals called pheromones. d. Both A and C are correct.

d. both a and c are correct (wright)

Which pair of tonsils is located in the oropharynx? a. Pharyngeal tonsils b. Palatine tonsils c. Lingual tonsils d. Both B and C

d. both b and c

The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: a. primary bronchi. b. secondary bronchi. c. tertiary bronchi. d. bronchioles.

d. bronchioles

A type of breathing characterized by gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths followed by several breaths with gradually decreasing tidal volume is: a. dyspnea. b. apnea. c. Biot breathing. d. Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

d. cheyne-stokes respiration

Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract: a. help move air into and out of the lungs. b. trap and phagocytize microorganisms. c. help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx. d. do both B and C.

d. do both B and C

The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: a. cricoid cartilage. b. thyroid cartilage. c. corniculate cartilage. d. epiglottis.

d. epiglottis

Normal, quiet breathing is known as: a. orthopnea. b. hyperpnea. c. dyspnea. d. eupnea.

d. eupnea

Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? a. Oblique fissure b. Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe c. Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe d. Horizontal fissure

d. horizontal fissure

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: a. cilia. b. rugae. c. villi. d. papillae.

d. papillae

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a domelike shape. b. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity downward. c. Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration and expiration. d. Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.

d. raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax (false because it increases) (wright)

The structure in the neck known as the "Adam's apple" is the: a. epiglottis. b. cricoid cartilage. c. glottis. d. thyroid cartilage.

d. thyroid cartilage