Biology

How does a bacterial cell obtain new DNA during the process of transformation?

Naked DNA from the surrounding environment is taken up by a bacterium

Kingdom _____ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.

Plantae

____ are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes, which are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships

Protists

Which statement is true regarding bacteria?

Some bacteria are pathogens and harmful to humans, whereas lots of bacteria are helpful to humans.

bacteria with rod shaped cells connected end to end are called

bacilli

____ are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotic cells

bacteria

female fireflies choose mates based on the specific flash pattern displayed by males flying around. example of

behavioral isolation

Most bacteria reproduce via ______, the process of dividing a cell in half, yielding two gametically identical offspring cells

binary fission

An ostrich and an emu are both flightless birds found on completely different continents (ostrich in Africa, emu in Australia). These birds have slightly different evolutionary histories, but have independently evolved similar adaptations due in part to the similar habitats they occupy. What type of evidence for evolution do these birds present?

biogeography

the practice of using bacteria to remove pollutants from the environment is called?

bioremediation

Habitat loss has driven the population of the Florida panther (Puma concolor cougar) to extremely low numbers. Which mechanism of microevolution is likely at play in this species?

genetic drift: the bottleneck effect

which one of the following soil borne organisms can convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonium and other nitrogen compounds that can be taken up and used by plants?

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

In the Grand Canyon, fossils in rock layers at the bottom of the canyon are ________ than those in layers closer to the top

older

A particular antibiotic kills 99% of the bacteria in your body

over time the drug will become less effective

A _____ is a small circular molecule of DNA that reproduces independently of the larger bacterial chromosomes

plasmid

due to the differences in mating times, two sub populations of frogs form into separate species, even though the occupy the same pond. This process is known as?

sympatric speciation

Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance?

taking the entire course as prescribed by the doctor

what do the following groups of organisms have in common: methanogens, halophiles, and thermophilies

they are all archaea

if you look at unknown cells under a microscope, what could lead you to correctly conclude that they are prokaroyatic cells

they lack a nucleus

What is the major method of transmission of infectious disease when using public transportation?

touching areas sick people have touched before you

the process of ____ involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a virus

transduction

the process of ____ occurs when a bacterium internalized bits of DNA from its environments

transformation

Prokaryotic organisms are present in how many domains?

two

binary fission produces

two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell

What is antibiotic resistance?

when the medicine no longer affects the bacteria because they are immune to it.

How long ago were the organisms that produced the oldest fossil records alive?

3.5 billion years

In the projected video showing the growth of bacteria, why did the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics?

A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present.

Kingdom _____ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (eating) other organisms

Aminalia

Which of the following correctly describes what the video referred to as "microbial cure"?

Antibiotics are used to kill off an infectious bacteria in a person

Cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kohlrabi are all the same species of plant. What is responsible for the differences in these vegetables?

Artificial Selection

Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection?

Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.

All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain ____.

Eukarya

Kingdom _____ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells.Fungi

Fungi

How might global warming result in most grizzly bears having fur that is less dense in the future?

In any population of bears, some individuals have thick fur, while some have thin and some in-between. With increasing temperatures thin bears will increase survival rate compared to thick bears.

How did Darwin's ideas on evolution conflict with contemporary religious dogma?

In contrast to biblical teaching, Darwin argued that the earth was very old, and that species are constantly changing.

What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps?

The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.

Most of the prokaryotes known as _____ live in extreme environments, such as salty lakes.

archaea

Sixty-five million years ago, approximately 50 percent of all species became extinct, including dinosaurs. This event marks the start of which era?

cenozoic

bacteria that have a spherical are called

coccus

the process of _____ involves the building of a physical bridge between two bacteria. DNA then moves across this bridge from a donor cell to a recipient cell

conjugation

Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two ____, Bacteria and Archaea.

domains

In the video, what does the UK's Chief Medical Officer suggest for promoting the development of new antibiotics?

encouraging big pharmaceutical companies to start investing again in new drug research and development