Biology

In reproduction, what is transmitted to the offspring that will determine what the offspring are like?

DNA

What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular area?

Ecosystem

What domain is characterized by having unicellular and multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?

Eukarya

Select all of the following that are Domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life.

Eukarya Archaea Bacteria

True or false: Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive.

False

Select all of the following taxonomic categories to which humans (Homo sapiens) belong.

Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Eukarya

What is a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions?

Organ

What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions?

Organelles

Match each eukaryotic group or kingdom with its appropriate description.

Plantae - Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms Animalia - Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion Fungi - Heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion Protista - Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

What group of eukaryotes includes many different unrelated species that are united solely because they are not fungi, plants, or animals?

Protista

What is the definition of metabolism?

The chemical reactions within a cell

______ are groups of specialized cells that function together.

Tissues

True or false: The ultimate energy source in most ecosystems is the sun.

True

Organisms seem so well-suited to their environments because they have inherited characteristics or behaviors, called ______, that enable them to successfully survive and reproduce.

adaptations

Inherited traits, characteristics, or behaviors that enable an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment are called

adaptations.

In ______ reproduction, the offspring are mostly genetically identical (except for some mutations); in ______ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins).

asexual; sexual

Particles that make up molecules are called

atoms.

Select all of the following that are characteristics of a scientific theory.

can be used to make predictions supported by a large body of evidence encompass multiple hypotheses falsifiable

What is the term for all the populations of different species that occupy the same location at the same time?

community

The growth and many changes that occur as a young organism matures are called ______.

development

What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?

differences in DNA sequences

Select all of the following that are ways to collect data in a scientific inquiry.

discovery and observation experimentation

An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)

ecosystem.

Select all the types of data and characteristics that scientists can use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms.

genetic characteristics anatomical features biochemical aspects cellular attributes

Which of the following produces traits that can be adaptations favored by natural selection?

genetic variability within a population

Each type of organism is assigned a unique, two-part scientific name, which consists of the ______ of the organism.

genus and specific descriptor

Energy is lost from an ecosystem in the form of ______ during energy transfers.

heat

Match the following types of variables to their correct definition.

independent variable - the manipulated portion of the experiment dependent variable - the response that an investigator measures standardized variable - a parameter of the experiment that is held constant

The domain Eukarya is divided into four ______, which are Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.

kingdoms

Because science is ______, theories can change to accommodate new ideas and discoveries.

open to new information

A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ______ of a plant.

organ

If a bone is an example of an organ, then all of the bones in the body are part of a(n)

organ system.

Multiple organs are linked together into

organ systems.

In a process called ______, scientists evaluate the validity of the research in a scientific paper that has been submitted for publication. Multiple choice question. random sampling

peer review

Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of the frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species of organisms living there, is an example of a(n) What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?

population.

Theories are not only testable but also suggest ______.

predictions about future discoveries

The number of individuals examined in an experiment is called the

sample size.

What is the most common form of reproduction in animals?

sexual reproduction

A(n) ______ is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hypotheses.

theory

Put the following stages of development in order, beginning with the smallest stage at the top.

1. Fertilized Egg 2. development 3. adult

Select two scientists who independently developed the idea of evolution by natural selection.

Charles Darwin Alfred Russel Wallace

What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?

Homeostasis

What is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

Taxonomy

Select all of the past scientific conclusions that were later revised due to technological inventions and new data analysis methods.

The Earth is flat. All organisms are either plants or animals. The Earth is the center of the universe.

In general, what is true regarding sample size in scientific experiments?

The larger the sample size, the more credible the results.

What term describes a comprehensive explanation for a natural phenomenon?

Theory

Evolution is

a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time.

The variable of an experiment is

a changeable element of an experiment

Which of the following describes a control group?

a group that receives a placebo or no treatment

The ______ includes all the ecosystems of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.

biosphere

What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?

biosphere

Shivering and sending blood away from the surface are examples of the human body maintaining a relatively constant ______ as part of homeostasis.

body temperature

The group in an experiment that is untreated and provides a basis for comparison is called the

control

In a scientific study, collecting and interpreting the data allows investigators to

decide if evidence supports the hypothesis.

The image shows the data from a study in which a vaccine or placebo was given to individuals, and the incidence of illness was measured. The incidence of illness observed is the ______.

dependent variable

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called ______ properties.

emergent

Conscious thought is a(n) ______ that arises from the interactions among brain cells and neural structures in a human.

emergent property

All organisms use ______ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy.

energy

Natural selection is a mechanism of ______ in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics.

evolution

Some theories, such as the theory of gravity, are so widely accepted that they are regarded as ______.

facts

Using a process called ______, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.

homeostasis

The human body maintaining its temperature with narrow limits around 37˚C is an example of

homeostasis.

An experiment collects data to support or reject a(n) ______, which is a tentative explanation of observations.

hypothesis

The presence or absence of a vaccine in the experiment shown comprises the ______ variable.

independent

It can be difficult to scientifically study events that occurred in the past and that left little evidence because

it can be hard to accurately re-create conditions from the past.

The chemical reactions within cells that allow organisms to acquire and use energy and to sustain life are called

metabolism.

One limitation of scientific experiments is that the results can be ______ when an incorrect explanation of the results is proposed.

misinterpreted

What is a group of joined atoms, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA

molecule

What mechanism of evolution results in adaptive traits becoming more common in a population?

natural selection

What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on adaptive traits that are inherited?

natural selection

The coloration of a seahorse matches that of its surroundings, which is an example of how ______.

natural selection favors adaptations that improve survival and reproduction

Select all the questions that are difficult to answer using science.

questions about the meaning of life questions about morality

Select all of the following that can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of a study.

reluctance to accept unexpected conclusions biases of scientists misinterpretations of observations or results

The production of new organisms that are similar to existing organisms is a property of life called ______.

reproduction

characteristics of life

reproduction, growth, and development evolution organization energy use homeostasis, or maintenance of internal constancy

Advances in ______, such as DNA sequencers and radio-tracking devices, have enhanced biological discovery.

technology

An example of a practical application of scientific knowledge is

technology

A theory is ______, meaning that it remains accepted but is potentially falsifiable if future tests or observations disprove it.

testable

What is taxonomy?

the science of naming and classifying organisms

In science, whereas a hypothesis is a tentative explanation of an observation, a----- is a broader, well-tested explanation for a natural phenomenon backed by many lines of evidence.

theory

Match each of the following characteristics with either theory or hypothesis

theory - a comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon hypothesis - a tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon

Match each of the following characteristics with either theory or hypothesis.

theory - a comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon hypothesis - a tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon

In science, whereas a hypothesis is a tentative explanation of an observation, a _____________ is a broader, well-tested explanation for a natural phenomenon backed by many lines of evidence.

theory or scientific theory

All living organisms are organized into one of ______ domains.

three

Organs are made up of ______.

tissues

What describes a community?

All the populations of different species that live in an area

In _______________ reproduction, genetic information comes from only one parent; whereas, in _______________ reproduction, genetic information from two parents unites to form an offspring.

Blank 1: asexual, asexual reproduction, or a-sexual Blank 2: sexual or sexual reproduction

What theory did Charles Darwin introduce in the 1860s?

evolution by natural selection

A change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as

evolution.

In the scientific method, a(n) ______ is an investigation carried out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis.

experiment

Match each description to the correct type of scientific study: discovery science or experimentation, as defined in the text.

experimentation - test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions discovery - careful observations of the natural world

After compiling results from experiments or studies, researchers may use tests to determine the statistical significance of the results, which is to see if there is a low probability that the results

occurred purely by chance

After compiling results from experiments or studies, researchers may use tests to determine the statistical significance of the results, which is to see if there is a low probability that the results ______.

occurred purely by chance

Organisms that make their own food by obtaining energy and nutrients from nonliving sources are called

primary consumers. Reason: Consumers do not produce their own food; they must consume other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients.

Match each category of organisms with their method of obtaining energy.

primary producer - autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources consumer - heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms decomposer - heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms

Natural ____________, is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics.

selection or natural selection

Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?

sexual reproduction

When examining evolutionary relationships, taxonomists strive to classify organisms according to

shared common ancestors.

What is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name?

species

The data shown are from a study in which a vaccine or placebo was given to individuals, and the incidence of illness was measured. All of the individuals in this study were infants, meaning that age of the vaccinated individuals is a ______.

standardized variable

If researchers use statistical tests and determine that there is a low probability that their experimental results occurred purely by chance, then their results are

statistically significant

The scientific definition of theory is "a ______," whereas the nonscientific definition of theory is "a ______."

well-tested explanation; hunch or opinion