Biology A - Unit 2

Which of the following represent examples of how cells in multicellular organisms can communicate with each other to coordinate their activities? Select all that apply.

hormones nervous system

The respiratory system is an example of a _[blank]_.

human organ system

Which are structures in eukaryotic cells? Select all that apply.

nucleus DNA mitochondria

Which of the following describes the genetic material found in prokaryotes?

one large circular DNA molecule and sometimes additional small circular plasmids

What is a specialized internal cellular structure that is bound by one or more membranes?

organelle

To which level of organization does the heart belong?

organs

What are leaves, stems, and roots all examples of?

organs

Which of the following correctly identifies body structures made of a collection of tissues?

organs

What is an example of positive feedback?

A herd of buffalo running away after one of them spots a lion.

What are examples of negative feedback? Select all that apply.

A person starting to sweat to cool down during exercise. A thermostat switching on a heater when the temperature gets low.

Describe the function of chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts use light energy to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

Which statements are part of the theory of endosymbiosis? Select all that apply.

Early anaerobic prokaryotes engulfed aerobic prokaryotes, which evolved into mitochondria. Some early eukaryotic cells engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotes, which evolved into chloroplasts.

Determine if the following statement is true or false. As cell size increases, the surface-area-to-volume ratio increases.

False

What advantage does a cell have by being long and thin instead of being a sphere or a cube?

It can increase its surface area, which can allow it to be bigger.

Which of the following is true about the nucleus?

It is found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.

Which of the following statements about insulin is true?

It is secreted by the pancreas.

What supports the theory of endosymbiosis for mitochondria? Select all that apply.

Ribosomes in mitochondria are similar in structure and size to the ribosomes found in prokaryotes. Mitochondria divide by binary fission, like prokaryotes. Mitochondria have circular DNA molecules that resemble the circular DNA found in prokaryotes.

Study the analogies of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex. Which analogy correctly represents each organelle's function when processing proteins?

The ER acts as a highway system, and the Golgi complex acts as a post office.

Which option correctly describes the role of the nucleus in the cell?

The nucleus controls the making of proteins.

What is homeostasis?

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes.

In a negative feedback loop, how are the response and the original stimulus related?

The response counteracts the original stimulus.

Which is true about eukaryotes?

Their cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Which statements are advantages of multicellular organisms? Select all that apply.

They have specialized levels of organization, such as tissues, that carry out specific functions. Their cells can come together to form larger structures. Their cells can coordinate their activities to perform complex activities.

Which of the following is a correct statement about insulin and glucose?

Through negative feedback, insulin produced by the pancreas causes a decrease in the amount of glucose in the blood.

_[blank]_ are groups of cells that have similar structures and functions.

Tissues

The description of a cell organelle is given below. found in plants and plant-like protists uses energy from the sun makes sugar from carbon dioxide and water What organelle is being described

a chloroplast

What is an organelle?

a specialized internal cellular structure that is bound by one or more membranes

What is feedback?

a way in which part of a system's output enters back into the system as input

Which is an example of a prokaryote?

bacteria

Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?

bacteria

Which of the following is regulated by negative feedback in the human body? Select all that apply.

body temperature blood sugar blood pressure

Which are multicellular organisms? Select all that apply.

cat oak tree

What is the smallest unit of living matter capable of independently carrying out life's processes?

cell

What part of a bacterial cell does Gram staining allow scientists to learn about?

cell wall

Which feature of a bacterial cell is attacked by many antibiotics?

cell wall

Which of the following are parts of a bacterial cell? Select all that apply.

cell wall flagella pili

Which organelles have arisen through endosymbiosis? Select all that apply.

chloroplasts mitochondria

Scientists discover a new type of algae. It consists of long chains of identical cells. The chains form as cells in the chains divide but do not separate from each other. Which of the following best describes the discovery?

colonial organism

Which of the following are examples of human tissues? Select all that apply.

epithelial connective

Which term describes a type of organism whose cells contain a nucleus and specialized membrane-bound organelles?

eukaryote

It is found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.

eukaryotic

Which of the following are examples of plant tissues? Select all that apply.

ground vascular

Examine the scenario below. A lizard's body temperature begins to drop. This causes a behavior to occur. The lizard moves out of the shade onto a rock in the sun. Its body temperature increases What process is portrayed in this example?

homeostasis

As a cell becomes larger, its volume _[blank]_.

increases much faster than its surface area

What are some advantages of being multicellular? Select all that apply.

larger body size greater complexity ability to live in new environments

The description of a cell organelle is given below. found in animal and plant cells breaks down molecules makes ATP What organelle is being described?

mitochondria

What organelles have evolved through endosymbiosis?

mitochondria

Read the scenario. Some students are studying multiple cells under a microscope. They note the following: The cells look different from each other. Some of the cells are organized into tissues and organs. Based on the students' observations, what type of an organism do the cells come from?

multicellular

The hormone insulin—and its effect on the body—is an example of _[blank]_.

negative feedback

Read the following description. Clusters of cells located near the carotid artery in the neck sense the amount of oxygen in the blood. If the level is too low, these arteries send signals to the brain that result in an increased breathing rate, which increases the amount of oxygen in the blood. This is an example of which of the following?

negative feedback helping to maintain homeostasis

Which of the following are examples of tissue? Select all that apply.

nerves muscle

What organelle is instrumental in holding the instructions to make proteins and controlling most of the cell functions?

nucleus

Which of the following is a function of the stem?

produces leaves, branches, and flowers

Which of the following are generally found in prokaryotic cells? Select all that apply.

ribosomes cell wall cell membrane

What is a cell?

the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of independently carrying out life's processes