Biology Cells Unit Study Guide: Cells
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of formation in an organism. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Which scientist was the first to use a simple microscope to observe living microorganisms?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
What organelle captures energy from the sun and uses it to produce food for the plant cell?
Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic cells
Complex cell; contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. ("Euk" rhymes with "Nuc"leus) Examples - protists, fungi, animals, plants
What is the function of the nucleus?
Control center of the cell; directs all of the cell's activities
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have a cell membrane and _______.
DNA
Plants, animals, fungus, and protists are all made of what kind of cells?
Eukaryotic cells
Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory? - new cells are produced from existing cells - eukaryotic cells are produced from prokaryotic cells - all living cells are made of cells - cells are the basic units of structure and function
Eukaryotic cells are produced from prokaryotic cells (not true; therefore, not part of the cell theory)
True/False. Prokaryotes are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
False
Where do you find cell organelles?
Organelles are membrane-bound compartments found inside of eukaryotic cells in the cytoplasm. They are separated from the rest of the cell by a lipid bilayer. This lets them independently carry out different functions that might interfere with each other if they weren't separated by membranes. THEY ARE FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS.
plant cells vs animal cells
Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, so they contain organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria. Both have cell membranes Plant cell HAS cell wall; animal cells do not have a cell wall. Animal cell has a nucleus that a bacterial cell does not have. Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
What scientist coined the term "cells" because they reminded him of tiny rooms in a monastery?
Robert Hooke
prokaryotic cell
Simple cell (usually single-celled) with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. (Pro rhymes with no - NO nucleus) .Examples - archaebacteria and eubacteria, bacteria
True/False. New cells are produced from existing cells.
TRUE
Cell Organelles
The interior of a cell has small structures called organelles (little organs) Each organelle has a unique function and structure All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol. The nucleus controls the cell functions by regulating the synthesis (makling) of proteins. DNA is stored in the nucleus; RNA is made in the nucleus. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
What is the gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found?
cytoplasm
In a cell, what are the passageways that carry materials from one part of the cell to another?
endoplasmic reticulum
Bacteria and archaea bacteria are examples of ______________________.
prokaryotes
What is the function of ribosomes?
to produce proteins
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
to protect and regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What is the purpose of the vacuole?
to surround and protect the PLANT CELL, to capture energy from the sun
What is the function of the cell wall?
to surround and protect the PLANT cell
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
transports materials through the cell, from one part of a cell to another part of it
The interior of a cell has small structures called _________________.
(cell) organelles
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
*Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. *Prokaryotic cells are types of cells lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Animal Cells
1) lacks cell wall 2) lacks chloroplasts 3) lacks large central vacuole. Animal cell has a nucleus that a bacterial cell does not have. CELL ORGANELLES The interior of a cell has small structures called organelles ("little organs") Each organelle has a unique STRUCTURE and FUNCTION. All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol
Scientfic Method Steps
1. make an observation 2. ask a question/state a problem 3. hypothesis (if...then statement) 4. design the experiment 5. conduct experiment 6. analyze/interpret data 7. make conclusions 8. communicate results
Which organelle directs all the cell's activities, including reproduction?
Nucleus
True/False. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
True
True/False. Prokaryotic cells evolved first, before eukaryotic cells.
True
What is the function of lysosomes?
breaks down food and worn out cell parts
What is the function of the chloroplast?
captures energy from the sun to use and produce food
What are cells surrounded by?
cell membrane
Which organelle protects the cell and regulates what substances enter and leave the cell?
cell membrane
What is the stiff wall that surrounds and protects the plant cell called?
cell wall
What is the basic unit of structure and function for living things?
cells
Which organelle receives materials and sends them to other parts of the cell?
golgi body or endoplasmic reticulum (proteins)
Which organelle breaks down food particles and worn out cell parts?
lysosomes
Which invention contributed to the discovery of cells?
microscope
Which organelle produces energy for the cell?
mitochondria
Which cell organelle manufactures the ribosomes for the cell?
nucleolus
What is the large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in a cell?
nucleus
What is the function of the mitochondria?
produces ATP (the cell's energy)
Which organelle works like a factory to produce proteins?
ribosomes
What is cytoplasm?
the portion of the cell outside the nucleus; fluid inside the cell in which many different organelles exist
Which organelle stores food, water, and waste for the cell?
vacuole
