Biology Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Test
What is photosynthesis?
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
What is the vocabulary word for organisms that make their own food?
An AUTOTROPH is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the name of pigment that captures light in photosynthesis?
CHLOROPHYLL, the primary pigment used in photosynthesis, reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light most strongly.
Why can't we survive if our cells only went through fermentation?
Cells in the human body create energy in the form of ATP. Cells do this constantly as the cells are in constant need of energy. Without ATP the cell will die. The human body cannot solely live off of fermentation as it only produces 2 ATPs.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
Which process, photosynthesis or cellular respiration, occurs in the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of organisms (animals and plants) to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP.
What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth?
The Sun
What is the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place?
The chloroplast
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
This vocabulary term means: a series of linked reactions in which the products of one reaction fuel the next.
A METABOLIC PATHWAY is a series of connected chemical reactions that feed one another.
What is another name for aerobic respiration?
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also called aerobic metabolism, cell respiration, and oxidative metabolism.
What is the vocabulary term for organisms that must consume organic materials from other organisms to obtain the energy for life?
A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Which produces more energy: fermentation or aerobic respiration?
AEROBIC RESPIRATION produces more usable chemical energy in the form of ATPs than fermentation because aerobic respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose and the release of carbon dioxide and water as end products.
What product does aerobic and anaerobic respiration share?
ATP
What is the name of the main energy compound that living things use?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
What organisms can go through alcoholic fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some other fungi and bacteria.
What is another name for anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells break down sugars to produce energy without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is also called FERMENTATION.
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C₆H₁₂O₆
What does one molecule of glucose split into after glycolysis?
During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into PYRUVATE AND ENERGY; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water (the reactants) into glucose and oxygen (the products).
Where does fermentation occur?
Fermentation reactions occur in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
How do we, as humans, acquire energy from the sun?
Human beings get energy from the sun indirectly by consuming foods. Food plants contain chemical energy, which is converted from the sun's light energy through the process of photosynthesis.
What determines what happens to the pyruvic acid after glycolysis?
The fate of pyruvate depends on the availability of oxygen. If oxygen is available, then pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria and continues through several more biochemical reactions called the "Citric Acid Cycle." This is called aerobic metabolism.
What is the first step of BOTH aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
The first step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration is GLYCOLYSIS. This is the process of taking one glucose (sugar) molecule and breaking it down into pyruvate and energy (2 ATP).
What is the scientific name for the light-independent reaction?
The light-independent reactions (dark reactions) are also known as the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE
Name one environmental factor that influences the rate of photosynthesis.
The main factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
The reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and sugar, which are the products of photosynthesis.
Why are plants important in the existence of animals?
They take energy from the sun, nutrients from the ground, and water to grow and produce their flowers, seeds, and berries. They release oxygen, which all animals, including humans, need to survive. Animals are consumers and they all depend on plants for survival.
How did exercise affect the rate of respiration?
When you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide
Why would we need to add yeast cells to the soda if we were to make it?
Yeasts feed on sugars and starches, which are abundant in bread dough! They turn this food into energy and release carbon dioxide gas as a result.
What must be present in order for cellular respiration to occur?
You need the gas oxygen to perform cellular respiration to get energy from your food.
What are the two types of fermentation?
alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
What type of fermentation occurs in our muscle cells?
lactic acid fermentation
What are the two stages of photosynthesis called?
light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.