Biology: CH 5

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

True

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site.

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

active transport

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

c

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

coupled reactions

Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?

diffusion

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be changed from one form to another

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

exocytosis

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion.

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypotonic

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.

isotonic

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

mitochondria

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

osmosis diffusion passive transport ( active transport ) facilitated diffusion

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy?

passive transport

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will

shrink due to water loss by the cell.

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

the presence of a cell wall

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the first enzyme in the pathway