Biology chapter 10 Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis
bacteria
Binary fission is used to replicate what kind of cells?
has twice the amount of DNA present in a telophase nucleus
A cell in the G2 phase:
the cell is prokaryotic
A cell is dividing by binary fission. What can you conclude?
asexual reproduction
A new human epithelial cell is an exact copy of its parent cell due to ________.
18; 36
An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have ____ chromosomes in its gametes and ____ chromosomes in its somatic cells.
histone
As a cell prepares itself for division, DNA first wraps around what kind of protein to form nucleosomes?
one egg cell and three polar bodies
At the completion of oogenesis, ____ are produced.
metaphase
At what mitotic phase do chromosomes line up along a cell's equatorial plane?
S Phase
Chromosomes are duplicated during the ____ of the cell cycle.
actin plus myosin
Cytokinesis in animal cells involves contraction of a ring of ____ microfilaments.
cell plate
Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs via the formation of a(n):
animal; prophase
Duplicated centrioles move to opposite poles of a dividing ____ cell during the ____ of the cell cycle.
cell plate
During cytokinesis, plant cells will form a ________ to divide the newly replicated cells.
a site of crossing over
During prophase I, each chiasma represents:
chromatin
During prophase, ____ is(are) compacted into visible chromosomes.
scaffolding proteins
In unwound chromatin, nucleosomes are organized into large coiled loops held together by:
kinetochore
Microtubules are able to attach with what region of a chromosome?
eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.
Nucleosomes are best described as:
cytokinins
Plant hormones known as ____ stimulate mitosis.
mitotic spindle; anaphase
The ____ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during the ____ of mitosis.
interphase
The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of the ____ and M phases.
prevent DNA strands from tangling.
The function of nucleosomes is to:
depolymerization
The microtubules of the mitotic spindle shorten, thus pulling apart the chromosomes by way of ________.
reduce a diploid to form (a) haploid nuclei
The purpose of meiosis is to ________.
cyclins fluctuate during the cell cycle
To control the cell cycle:
a series of cell cycle checkpoints
To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by:
they are sequestered for later use in the daughter cells
What happens to the fragments of the broken down nuclear envelope during prometaphase?
four gametes
What is the end result of meiosis II in animal cells?
To ensure the events of one cell-cycle stage is completed before the next stage begins
What is the purpose of a cell-cycle checkpoint?
The chromosomes are aligned at the midplane of the cell.
When is a cell in metaphase?
Paired homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material
Which characteristic is unique to prophase during meiosis rather than to mitosis?
condensation of (the) chromatin into chromosomes
Which event occurs in prophase II?
M phase
Which is the shortest portion of a cell's life cycle?
zygotes
Which of the following is produced by meiosis?
Sister chromatids; cohesin proteins
____ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by ____ during mitosis.
genes
____ organized on chromosomes carry the information that controls the functions of the cell.
interphase
Centrioloes are replicated during the synthesis phase of ________.
chromatin
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of:
mitosis
Gametophyte plants produce gametes using:
their similar and characteristic staining patterns
Homologous chromosomes can be identified and/or characterized by:
146
How many base pairs of DNA are wrapped around a single nucleosome?
23
In a human cell at prophase I, there are ____ tetrads.
nucleolus disappears
In a prometaphase cell, the:
