Biology Chapter 13 packet
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the effects of mutations on living things?
Many mutations have little or no effect, but some can be harmful or beneficial
_________ carries copies of the instructions for making proteins from DNA to other parts of the cell
Messenger RNA
What happens when cells cannot repair the damage caused by a mutagen
The DNA base sequence changes permanently
An exception to the central dogma is
The ability of some viruses to transfer some information from RNA to DNA
A possible mutagen is
Ultraviolet light
A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a sequence of bases on an mRNA molecule
anticodon
Cancer is the product of a mutation that
Causes the uncontrolled growth of cells
The three consecutive bases that specify a single amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain
Codon
A kind of mutation that can change every amino acid that follows the point of mutation
frameshift mutation
How genetic info is put into actions in a living cell
gene expression
A heritable change in genetic info
mutation
A region of DNA where a repression can bind is a
operator
A change in one or a few nucleotides that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence
point mutation
A chain of amino acids
polypeptide
Having an extra set of chromosomes
polyploidy
the region of DNA where the production of an RNA strand begins is called the _______
promoter
______ transfers amino acids to ribosomes
transfer RNA
Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
translocation
The way in which DNA, RNA and proteins are all involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells is called
Gene expression
The instructions for assembling proteins are contained in the
Genes
The sequence of bases that serves was the language of life
Genetic code
Small changes in genes
Gradually accumulate over time
The addition of a base to the DNA sequence
Insertion
_______ are portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded
Introns
A chromosomal mutation that reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome
Inversion
polyploidy is the condition in which
An organism has an extra set of chromosomes
Mutations are important to the evolution of a species because they
Are a source of genetic variability
The sequence of ______ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template
Bases
The central dogma of molecular biology is the info is transferred from
DNA to RNA to protein
A mutation that produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome
Duplication
_______ are spliced together inn forming messenger RNA
Exons
________ are spliced together to make the final mRNA
Extrons
A chemical or physical agent that causes a change in a gene
Mutagen
A heritable change in genetic info
Mutation
In eukaryotes, RNA is formed in the _______ and then travels to the _________
Nucleus, cytoplasm
RNA polymerase binds to regions of DNA called ________, which are start signals for transcription
Promoters
______ contains the sugar ribose
RNA
The enzyme _______ binds to DNA during transcription
RNA polymerase
The enzyme that assembles a complementary strand of RNA on a DNA template is _______
RNA polymerase
The cellular machinery that replicated DNA inserts an incorrect base
Rough once in every 10 million bases
The change of one base to another in a DNA sequence
Substitution
The process of ______ produces a complementary strand of RNA on a DNA template
Transcription
The process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules is called ________
Transcription
The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
Translation
All organisms are mostly the same in
the molecular biology of their genes