Biology: Chapter 28
Pheromones
A chemical odor signal that is given off by animals to communicate.
Parthenogenesis
A form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an unfertilized egg.
Cephalothorax
A fused head and thorax.
Beneath
A new exoskeleton forms _________ the old one. (above or beneath)
Pupa
A period of reorganization in which the tissues and organs of the larva are broken down and replaced by adult tissues.
Metamorphosis
A series of changes controlled by chemical substances in an animal.
Compound Eye
A visual structure with many lenses.
Simple Eye
A visual structure with one lens.
Pedipalps
Adapted for handling food and for sensing. They carry sperm for males during reproduction. They are the second pair of appendages in arachnids.
Incomplete
Adults and young usually eat the same food. (Type of metamorphosis)
Both
Adults are the only sexually mature form.
Spiracles
Air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes through openings on the thorax and abdomen through these.
Book Lungs
Air-filled chambers that contain leaf-like plates.
Appendage
Any structure, such as a leg or an antenna, that grows out of the body of an animal.
Uropod
Appendages on the abdomen of crustaceans that are fan-like (look like a flipper).
Swimmerets
Appendages on the abdomen of crustaceans that are used for swimming.
Walking Legs
Appendages on the thorax of crustaceans that are jointed and used for movement.
Chelipeds
Appendages on the thorax of crustaceans that function as claws.
Maxillipeds
Appendages on the thorax of crustaceans that hold/taste food.
Camouflage
Blending in with something.
F
Both centipedes and millipedes have book lungs for gas exchange. (T or F)
Tracheal Tubes
Branching networks of hollow air passages that carry air throughout the body.
Mimicry
Completely copying another organism.
Nymph
Have the same general appearance as an adult, but is smaller. They cannot reproduce and have slightly different appendages than adults. It molts several times.
T
Having compound eyes on movable stalks is an advantage for aquatic crustaceans whose potential predators could attack from almost any direction. (T or F)
Both
Insect begins life as a fertilized egg. (Type of metamorphosis)
Complete
Larva hatches from an egg. (Type of metamorphosis)
Stink Glands
Millipedes' defense mechanism.
Incomplete
Nymph hatches from an egg. (Type of metamorphosis)
Incomplete
Nymph repeatedly molts and increases in size. (Type of metamorphosis)
Chelicerae
Often modified into pincers or fangs that hold food and inject prey with poison. They are the first pair of appendages in spiders.
Complete
Pupa undergoes changes while encased in cocoon. (Type of metamorphosis)
Molting
Shedding the old exoskeleton.
Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
Stages of complete metamorphosis in order.
Egg, Nymph, Adult
Stages of incomplete metamorphosis in order.
Sensing, walking, feeding, mating, flexibility.
The advantages of having jointed appendages.
Centipede
The animal that is in the class chilopoda.
Millipede
The animal that is in the class diplopoda.
Ganglia
The anterior brain in arthropods.
Pedipalps
The appendages in spiders that function as sensory organs.
Attennules
The appendages on the head of crustaceans that are used for balance and hearing.
Attennae
The appendages on the head of crustaceans that are used for touch, taste, and smell.
Queen Bee
The bee that is fed royal jelly.
Workers
The bees that are female. When they are young they nurse the queen, when they are middle-aged they are the housekeepers, and when they are old they gather nectar. They live 5-6 weeks.
Drones
The bees that are males. A few mate with the queen and they live up to four weeks.
Poison
The defense mechanism that centipedes use.
Crustacea, Arachnida, Insecta, Diplopoda, Chilopoda
The five classes of arthropods.
Larva
The free-living, worm-like stage of an insect, often called a caterpillar.
Female
The gender of crustaceans that carries sperm until eggs are released.
Insecta
The largest class of arthropods.
F
The legs of most crustaceans are unspecialized and used only for walking. (T or F)
Appendages
The most distinguishing characteristic of arthropods.
Mandibles
The mouth parts of most arthropod groups that act as jaws.
Zero
The number of antennae that spiders have.
Two
The number of body sections arachnids have.
Two
The number of ganglia crustaceans have.
One
The number of pairs of legs that centipedes have per segment.
Two
The number of pairs of legs that millipedes have per segment.
Four
The number of pairs of walking legs arachnids have.
Entomophagy
The practice of eating insects in which 80% of the world follows.
Entomology
The science of studying insects.
Malpighian Tubules
The structure in the abdomen of arthropods that brings wastes to the intestine.
Spinnerets
The structures that spin silk into threads.
Head, Thorax, Abdomen
The three distinct body sections of arthropods.
Parasitic
The type of animal an arachnid is if it is completely fused, which includes ticks, chiggers, and dust mites.
Flat
The type of body a centipede has. (Round or flat)
Round
The type of body a millipede had. (Round or flat)
Open
The type of circulatory system arthropods have.
Compound
The type of eyes crustaceans have.
Simple
The type of eyes that arachnids have.
Tracheal Tubes
The type of respiratory structure that a hissing cockroach has.
Tracheal Tubes
The type of respiratory structure that a swallowtail butterfly has.
Book Lungs
The type of respiratory structure that a tarantula has.
Gills
The type of respiratory structure that freshwater crayfish have.
Protects internal tissue, prevents water loss, location for muscle attachment
Three functions of an arthropod exoskeleton.
Maxillae
Two pairs of appendages on the head that hold/tear food and act as gill bailers.
T
You might be more likely to see pill bugs moving around out in the open on a rainy day than on a sunny one. (T or F)
