Biology chapter 3

ribosomes

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.

Chloroplast

The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the _______ which is a type of plastid.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus face away from water.

cell wall

The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

vesicles

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

To manufacture proteins

What is the function of a ribosome?

prokaryotes

What is the most ancient type of life on Earth?

cytoskeleton

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?

endoplasmic reticulum

What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

lysosome

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

cell wall

What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection?

light microscope

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

Scanning electron

______ microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object to observe the exterior texture.

steroids

Molecules called ______, which include cholesterol, are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity.

Eukarya

Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain ______.

lipids small non-polar molecules O2 and CO2

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins. Multiple select question.

cytoplasm DNA RNA ribosomes

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

proteins steroids phospholipids

Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes.

fungi plants bacteria archaea algae NOT animals

Select all of the following types of organisms that usually have cell walls.

regulate cell volume prevent the cell from bursting impart shape

Select all of the functions of cell walls.

-receive and respond to external stimuli -transport substances into and out of the cell -enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

phospholipid

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

reticulum

The endoplasmic ______ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

Prokaryotic cells

the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

outside environment.

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the

membrane

All cells have a cell ______ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

permeable

Biological membranes are selectively ______, meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell.

mitochondria

Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a

smooth

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the _______ endoplasmic reticulum.

enzymes

Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.