Biology - Chapter 3 Mastering HW Assignment

Select the image that is representative of an idealized plant cell.

A.

Identify the prokaryotic organism from the list below.

Bacteria

What is a phospholipid?

A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails

What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

Chloroplasts

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

Lysosome

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

The plasma membrane

Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur ________.

in the Golgi apparatus

Eukaryotes are ________.

often multicellular, sometimes unicellular

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?

Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion Answer: All of the above are forms of passive transport

Part A - Animal cell structure Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of an animal cell.

a. cytoskeleton b. ribosomes c. nucleus d. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) e. Cytosol f. Golgi Apparatus g. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) h. Mitochondrion i. Plasma Membrane

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane?

Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

Chloroplasts

What passes through the nuclear pores?

RNA

The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm) is called a ________.

flagellum

Substances are often packaged into small ________ for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell.

vesicles

Which statement best describes passive transport?

A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

Part A - Exocytosis and endocytosis Drag the correct label under each diagram.

Left: exocytosis - a process in which material inside a cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium Right: endocytosis - a process in which the plasma membrane invaginates or fold inward, to form a vesicle that brings substances into the cell

Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?

Lysosome

Part A - The endomembrane system Drag the labels onto the flowchart to trace the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.

START: Rough ER/ Manufacturing, Vesicle from ER/ Transport, Golgi Apparatus/Processing, Vesicle from Golgi/Transport, Plasma Membrane/Secretion END

What is the function of the cell wall?

To help maintain the shape of the cell To provide protection for the cell To provide the stiffness needed Answer: All of the above are functions of the cell wall

Can you label the structures of a plant cell? To review the structure of a plant cell, watch this BioFlix animation: Tour of a Plant Cell. Part A

a. central vacuole b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. Golgi apparatus e. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) f. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) g. Nucleus h. Mitochondrion

Prokaryotes consist of ________.

organisms belonging to two different domains, bacteria and archaea

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

osmosis

Can you match the structures with their descriptions? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

1. DNA is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. 2. RNA is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses. 3. The nucleus is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA. 4. The nuclear envelope is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. 5. A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a nuclear pore. 6. The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the nucleolus. 7. Chromosomes are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells.

Which statement best describes active transport?

A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

Part A. Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? Part B. The plant cell wall Part C. Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? Part D. _____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. Part E. Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

A. Mitochondrion. B. is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. C. Storing compounds produced by the cell D. Central vacuoles; ribosomes E. The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

Active transport

What is ATP?

An energy molecule

Can you identify the types of cell in which each organelle is found? Part A Drag the organelles to the appropriate bins.

Animal cells only: lysosome Plant cells only: chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall Both animal and plant cells: cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

Which of the following statements is correct regarding DNA and RNA?

DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.

Part A - Comparing plant and animal cells Drag the correct label under each cell structure to identify whether it is found only in animal cells, only in plant cells, or in both types of cells. Labels can be used once or more than once.

Found in ANIMAL cells but not most plant cells: 1. Lysosome Found in PLANT cells but not animal cells: 1. Cell Wall 2. Chloroplast Found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells: 1. Nucleus 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

It has a nucleus.

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

Mitochondria

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

Mitochondria

Part A - Organelle function Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.

Nucleus - Stores the genetic information of the cell Lysosome - breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes Mitochondrion - converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell Ribosome - works with mRNA to synthesize proteins Smooth ER - site of lipid synthesis

Where are ribosomes located in eukaryotic cells?

On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

Part A - Organelle functions Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.

Plant cell wall- strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils Central vacuole-regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds Chloroplast-makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy Mitochondrion-produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell Golgi apparatus-modifies and packages proteins

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

Storing water

Which of the following statements is true in eukaryotic cells?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

Translation

Watch the animation before answering the questions. Part A. Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? Part B. The structural framework in a cell is the Part C. Where in a cell is ATP made? Part D. What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? Part E. One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by Part F. Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? Part G. Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? Part H. Where are lipids made in the cell? Part I. What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

a. nucleus b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. mRNA e. ribosomes. f. Golgi apparatus g. lysosomes h. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) i. plasma membrane

Can you identify the cellular structures and their functions in this diagram of a eukaryotic cell? Part A Drag the organelle labels to the appropriate pink targets. Then identify the function of each organelle on the blue target below it.

a. nucleus - stores genetic information b. plasma membrane - regulates transport c. cytoskeleton - provides support d. Golgi - processes proteins e. lysosome - breakdown and recycling f. flagellum - movement g. mitochondrion - energy harvest

Can you label the structures of a prokaryotic cell? Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate locations in this diagram.

a. pili b. nucleoid c. plasma membrane d. cell wall e. capsule f. flagella g. bacterial chromosome h. ribosomes

Part A - Facilitated diffusion Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the diagram.

a. plasma membrane b. side with higher concentration of molecules c. side with lower concentration of molecules d. facilitated diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient e. transport protein

Part A - Diffusion Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the diagram.

a. side with higher concentration of molecules b. plasma membrane c. side with lower concentration of molecules d. diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

Part A - Active transport Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the diagram.

a. side with lower concentration of square molecules b. transport protein c. energy input from the cell d. plasma membrane e. side with higher concentration of square molecules