Biology Chapter 7
give two examples of specialized cells and explain the cell's unique role in the human body.
-red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body -muscle cells give us the ability to move
Explain the similarities and differences between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
-they both have a cell membrane and at some point will contain DNA -prokaryotic are smaller and simpler and do not contain a nucleus -eukaryotic are larger and more complex and do contain a nucleus
The specialized cells in a multicellular organism have unique roles to play. Create an analogy that describes a situation in which specific organisms or objects have unique roles in a system.
It is like the different parts of a football team, each player has a different role in order to help the team win.
What are two functions of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what can and what can't pass through the cell. It also gives the cell support and protection.
In some ways, a cell is analogous to a factory. Create and analogy describing the job of a lysosome within a cellular "factory."
The lysosome is like the clean up crew.
Plants have cells that contain chloroplasts. Why must their cells contain mitochondria as well?
The mitochondria take the chemical energy from the chloroplasts and store it in the cell to use it for later.
How are tissues and organs different?
Tissues are many cells all working together and organs are groups of tissues all working together to accomplish the same thing.
For a molecule to move from an area of low concentration to high concentration, the process of ___must occur.
active transport
the process that requires an input of energy to help material move from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater concentration is called ___.
active transport
The fourth, and highest, level of organization in a multicellular organism is
an organ system
Why do multicellular organisms contain specialized cells?
because through the specialized cells we can perform tasks that without them we wouldn't be able to perform.
the basic unit of life
cell
thin, double-layered sheet around the cell
cell membrane
provides support and protection for the cell
cell wall
strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell
cell wall
What organelle can use energy from sunlight to create energy-rich food molecules?
chloroplasts
uses energy from sunlight to make food molecules
chloroplasts
granular material visible within the nucleus
chromatin
The distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information of the cell are called ___.
chromosomes
portion of the cell outside the nucleus
cytoplasm
maintains cell shape with a network of protein filaments
cytoskeleton
Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in a process known as ___.
diffusion
What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane?
endocytosis
site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and where proteins are chemically modified
endoplasmic reticulum
organism whose cells contain a nucleus
eukaryote
Are human cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain your answer.
eukaryotic, our cells have a nucleus and we are more complex therefore we need the more complex cell
New cells are produced from ___.
existing cells
During the process of ___, a molecule such as glucose must use a protein channel to cross through a cell membrane.
facilitated diffusion
The process by which a protein channel allows molecules to cross the cell membrane is called ___.
facilitated diffusion
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER
golgi apparatus
All ___ are composed of cells.
living things
The hollow tubes of protein that help maintain the shape of the cell are called
microtubules
uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds
mitochondrion
The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins is called the
nucleous
controls most cell processes and contains DNA
nucleus
large structure that contains the cell's genetic information
nucleus
The cells of eukaryotes have a (an) ___; the cells of ___ do not.
nucleus, prokaryotes
Is your tongue a tissue, organ, or an organ system?
organ, the tongue is a muscle and each individual muscle is an organ.
specialized structures within a cell that perform important cell functions
organelle
Eukaryotic cells also have a variety of specialized structures called ___.
organelles
The process in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane is called ___.
osmosis
process by which extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles
phagocytosis
What structures make plant and animal cells different?
plant cells have a vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts. animal cells have centrioles.
organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus
prokaryote
When some substances can pass across them but others cannot, biological membranes are said to have ___.
selectively permeable membranes
Cells are the basic units of ___ and ___ in all organisms.
structure, functions
What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water through a cell
What happens to higher concentration of dissolved molecules on one side of a cell membrane during the process of diffusion?
the molecules will start to level out until it reaches equilibrium