Biology Chapter 8

How many types of nucleotides are present in DNA?

4

The T nucleotide always pairs with the -- nucleotide and the C nucleotide always pairs with the -- nucleotide.

A; G

Suppose that one strand of DNA has the sequence TAGGTAC. What is the complementary strand?

ATCCATG

tRNA transfers, or carries, -- from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Amino acid.

A tRNA molecule is attached to an (sugar/amino acid) at one end and has (anticodons/frame) at the other end.

Amino acid; anticodon

An -- is a set of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

Anitcodon.

A translocation happens when one piece of one chromosome -- a non homologous chromosome

Attaches to

Griffith concluded that there must be a transforming principle that changed harmless bacteria into disease-causing (bacteria/mice)

Bacteria

Watson and crick determined the three-dimensional shape of DNA by (building models/building genomes).

Building models

DNA replication needs to occur so that every (cell/organism) will have a complete set of DNA following cell division.

Cell.

AGG, G A, and GUU are examples of --.

Codnos

DNA replication is the process by which DNA is (copied/observed) durning e cell cycle.

Copied

A mutation is a change in an organisms --.

DNA

Radioactivity was only present in the bacteria that were infected with phosphorus-tagged bacteriophages. This result indicated that the bacteriophages -- had entered the bacteria, but the protein had not.

DNA

In order for the DNA strand to separate , the -- -- bonds connecting back pairs must be broken.

DNA polymerase.

Transcription is the process of copying a sequence of -- to produce a complementary strand of --.

DNA; RNA.

The DNA double helix is similar tho the spiral staircase: the -- is like the twisted handrails of the staircase and the -- are like the steps that connect to each other.

Deoxyribose; nucleotides

The RNA strand (attaches to/detaches from) the DNA as it is transcribed, and the DNA zips back together

Detaches from

The amount of A will be -- the amount of T and the amount of C will be -- the amount of G.

Equal to

DNA polymerase has a proofreading function that enables it to detect (errors/enzymes) and correct them.

Errors

A TATA box a promoter that is found on almost all -- cells.

Eukaryotic

A template is something that serves as a --.

Fingerprint

If a nucleotide is deleted from a strand of DNA, what type of mutation is this?

Frame shift

Name the four mutatins

Frame shift, point gene duplication and translocation

The cells on your body differ from each other because they express different sets of --.

Genes.

For a mutation to be passed on to offspring it must occur in the -- cells

Germ (sex)

Human chromosomes have (only one/hundreds of) Irvin's of replication, where the DNA is unzipped so replication starts and can move quickly

Hundreds of

an agent in the environment that can change DNA is called a --.

Mutagen

Can DNA polymerase catch and correct every replication error?

No

DNA replication takes place in the (centrosome /nucleus) of a eukaryotic cell.

Nucleus.

A large transcription complex, including RNA polymerase and other proteins, assembles at the start of a (gene/nucleus) and begins to unwind he (DNA/RNA).

Nucleus; DNA

DNA replication is called semi conservative because each molecule consists of one -- strand and one -- strand.

Old; new

An -- is a region of DNA that includes a promoter, an operator and one pr more -- that code for proteins needed to carry out a task.

Operon; genes

DNA base pairing results in a molecule that has uniform width. A sugar-phosphate backbone is on the (inside/outside). Inside the structure, a base with two hydrogen bonds is always pairs with a base with (one/two) bonds.

Outside; one

A reading frame is the order in which -- are read

Pairs of three

All nucleotides have two parts that are the same: the deoxyribose sugar and --. The third part, -- , is different.

Phosphate; nitrogen base

A -- is a segment of DNA that helps RNA polymerase recognize the start of a gene.

Promoter

A bacteriophage has two main structures: a DNA molecule and a -- coat.

Protein

The name of each type of RNA tells what it does. mRNA is a form of the DNA message that tells the d.l what type of -- to make.

Protein

Would the codons in Amin Acid Chart be found in a strand of DNA or RNA?

RNA

Using one strand of the DNA as a template, (DNA polymerase/RNA polymerase) strings together a complementary strand of RNA.

RNA polymerase

In their first experiment, Hershey and Chase tagged bacteriophages with -- sulfur.

Radioactive

In their second experiment, Hershey and Chase tagged bacteriophages with -- phosphorus.

Radioactive

The suffix -ase indicates an enzyme. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes DNA copies by forming bonds between --.

Replication

rRNA is a key component of --.

Ribosome

(Ribosomes/vesicles) and (tRNA molecules/DNA polymerase)are the tools that help a cell translate an mRNA message into a polypeptide.

Ribosomes; tRNA molecules

The (S/R) form of bacteria caused disease in mice.

S

DNA is replicated during the (mitosis and meiosis/S stage in interphase) in the cell cycle.

S stage of interphase

A -- indicates where translation stops.

Stop codon

Transcription factors bind to DNA and help RNA polymerase know where a gene --.

Stos

A codon is a sequence of -- nucleotides that code for an amino acid.

Three

UV light damages a DNA strand by causing neighboring -- nucleotides to break their hydrogen bonds to adenine and bond with each other instead.

Thymine

The enzyme that helps a cell to make a strand of RNA is called --.

Transcription

Gene duplication happens when there is -- cross-over event.

Unequal

Franklins data revealed that the structure of DNA is (uniform/variable) in width.

Variable

A bacteriophage is a type of -- that infects bacteria

Virus

Translation is the process that converts mRNA message into a --.

polypeptide

A promoter is a DNA segment that allows a gene to be --.

transcribed