Biology Chapter 9

adenosine triphosphate, a substance that stores and releases energy for most cell processes

ATP

enzyme that aids in the production of adenosine triphosphate and which also acts as a carrier protein for hydrogen ions in active transport across a membrane

ATP synthase

the main method photosynthesizing organisms use for carbon dioxide fixation

Calvin cycle

True/false The first stage of aerobic respiration is a series of biochemical reactions called the *Calvin cycle.

False- Krebs

set of chemical reactions that break down pryuvate, producing electron carriers for an electron transport chain that powers ATP production

Krebs Cycle

ATP is called a cell's energy "currency" because a. ATP can be "made" in one place and "spent" or used in another b. ATP allows one organelle to be exchanged for another between cells c. ATP catalyzes all metabolic reactions d. glucose is made of ATP

a.

Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reaction are a. ATP and NADPH b. water and oxygen c. oxygen and NADPH d. oxygen and ATP

a.

describes a process that requires oxygen

aerobic

describes a process that does not require oxygen

anaerobic

ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a. 2 phosphate b. 3 phosphate c. 4 phosphate d. 1 phosphate

b

Organisms that are not autotrophs a. get energy from inorganic molecules b.must consume other organisms to get energy c. get energy from sunlight d. can survive without energy

b

The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers a. carbon dioxide to animals within the ecosystem b. chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem c. light energy to autotrophs d. water to all organisms

b

Chlorophyll is green because a. it absorbs green wavelengths of light b. it reflects green wavelengths of light c. it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which have green d. of an optical illusion caused by transmitted light

b.

Eye pigment:sight:: a. proton : electrons b. photosynthesis : plants c. chlorophyll : photosynthesis d. caroteniods : cellular respiration

b.

Light energy : excite electrons :: a. metabolism : autotroph b. ATP and NADPH : carbon dioxide fixation c. carbon : electron d. energy : food

b.

The final electrons acceptor in aerobic respiration is a. NADPH b.oxygen c.ATP d. water

b.

The process of cellular respiration a. occurs only in animals b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy c. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis d. occurs before plants are able to continue photosynthesis

b.

The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called the a. pigment b. stroma c. reaction center d. thylakoid

b.

The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of a. glucose b. oxygen c. water d. carbon dioxide

b.

Water is an end product in a. alcoholic fermentation b. the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration c. the Krebs Cycle d. lactic acid fermentation

b.

When glycolysis occurs, a. photosynthesis begins b. a molecule of glucose is split c. a molecule of glucose is formed d. pryuvates are combined

b.

How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced during the cellular respiration of two glucose molecules? a. 6 b.12 c.4 d.2

b. 12

At a hydrogen ion pump of the thylakoid membrane, a. electrons are accepted by glucose b. the thylakoid bursts, releasing energy c. energy from electrons is used to make ATP d. electrons are pushed out of the thylakoid

c.

Chloroplasts : photosynthesis :: a. oxygen : carbon dioxide b. solar energy : cellular respiration c. mitochondria : cellular respiration d. metabolism : carbon

c.

Photosynthesis : oxygen :: a. Cellular respiration : oxygen b. cellular respiration : enzymes c. cellular respiration : carbon dioxide d. oxygen : carbon dioxide

c.

When cells break down food molecules, energy is a. released quickly b. stored permanently in ATP molecules c. stored temporarily in ATP molecules d. released entirely as body heat into the environment

c.

Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs Cycle? a. NADH b. CO2 c. NADPH d. FADPH2

c.

Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells. a. In the light,plants make their own glucose, but in the dark, photosynthesis stops and mitochondria make glucose. b.- If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their energy needs, they can produce it in aerobic respiration. c. Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored and used by the mitochondria to produce ATP.

c.

the process cells use to produce energy from carbohydrates

cellular respiration

the green substance that absorbs light and provides energy for photosynthesis

chlorophyll

Carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds in the a.Krebs Cycle b. the electron transport chain c. mitochondria d. Calvin Cycle

d

The major atmosphere by-product of photosynthesis is a. water b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. oxygen

d

Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? a. electron transport b. Krebs cycle c. glycolysis d. Calvin cycle

d

While one type of electron transport chain of photosynthesis is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron transport chain is used a. as a fuel for forming another chlorophyll molecule b. to producewater c. to move molecules to another ion pump d. to form molecules of NADPH

d

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP is a. glucose synthase b. phosphate synthase c. ADP synthase d. ATP synthase

d.

Because of photosynthesis a. water is constantly being produced b. animals can get energy directly from the sun c. plants produce carbon dioxide d. the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas

d.

Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for a. moving hydrogen ions out of the thylakoid b. generating glucose molecules c. producing NADP d. providing the energy to produce ATP molecules

d.

In aerobic respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-molecule as part of a. the electron transport chain b. glycolsis c. carbon dioxide fixation d. the Krebs cycle

d.

In the second stage of aerobic respiration, what happens to the electrons that have been depleted of their energy during ATP production? a. They are excited by light energy b. They combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide c. They build up inside the mitochondria and diffuse back to a thylakoid d. They combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water

d.

NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it a. becomes oxidized to form NADP b. provides additional oxygen atoms from the breakdown of water c. provides high-energy electrons needed to store energy in organic molecules d. is needed to form chlorophyll and caretnoids

d.

The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of sugar molecules comes from a. carbon dioxide b. the Krebs cycle c. ATP only d. ATP and NADPH

d.

The series of molecules that cause protons to build up on one side of a membrane is a a. NADH b. ATP synthase c. ADP d. electron transport chain

d.

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a. carbon dioxide b. glucose c. the air d. water

d.

What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis? a. 1 b. 6 c. 34 d. 2

d.

When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule a. energy is stored b. an enzyme is formed c.a substantial amount of energy is used d. a substantial amount of energy is released

d.

When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to higher energy level, they a. are converted to carotenoids b. cause the plant to appear green c. form a glucose bond d. are transferred to an electron carrier

d.

Which of the following enables plants to convert light energy to chemical energy? a. coupled channels b. the sodium-potassium pump c. sugar channels d. hydrogen ion pumps

d.

Which of the following is not true about the dark reaction of photosynthesis? a. generate sugars b. are light-independent c. require ATP and NADPH d. use water as an electron source

d.

Which of the following organisms do not carry out photosynthesis? a. certain prokaryotes b. algae c. plants d. animals

d.

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP? a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcholic fermentation c. glycolysis d. aerobic respiration

d.

Which of the following statements about glucose is correct? a. Glucose is produced during cellular respiration b. Glucose is a more stable carbon compound than carbon dioxide is c. Glucose is not a carbon compound d. Glucose is a stable carbon compound than carbon dioxide is

d.

cellular respiration takes place in 2 stages a. electron transport chain, fermentation b. glycosis, then photosynthesis c. fermentation, then glycolysis d. glycolysis, then aerobic respiration

d.

series of molecules in the inner membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria down which excited electrons pass, releasing energy for ATP production

electron transport chain

true/ false The major light-absorbing pigment in plant photosynthesis is *carotenoid.

false chlorophyll

true/false- *Photosynthesis involves using energy to build organic molecules and breaking down organic molecules in which energy is stored.

false metabolism

true/false Autotrophs make *inorganic compounds that serve as food for them and for almost all of the other organisms on Earth.

false organic

true/false The thylakoid membrane is folded in a way that produces flat, disc- like sacs called * stroma

false thylakoid

True/false During aerobic respiration, the breakdown of a molecule of glucose yields a net of up to *two molecules of ATP.

false- 34

true/false Glycolysis occurs during the *second stage of cellular respiration

false- first

true/false- Photosynthesis converts stable carbon dioxide molecules into *oxygen, a less stable carbon compound.

false- glucose

true/false *Homeostasis is the process by which plants use sunlight to make organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

false- photosynthesis

true/false Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis only until all the * oxygen molecules* in chloroplasts are being used.

false- pigments

true/false In cells, chemical energy is gradually released in series of chemical *compounds that are assisted by enzymes.

false- reactions

True/false Glycolysis is an *aerobic process.

false-anaerobic

true/false Fermentation takes place in absence of *carbon dioxide.

false-oxygen

process by which NAD is recycled under anaerobic conditions in order to continue the break down of carbohydrates to supply energy for producing ATP

fermentation

the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of ATP

glycolysis

true/false The final stage of photosynthesis during sugar molecules are produced is light *dependent

independent

the process some organisms are able to use by which they convert light energy to chemical energy

photosynthesis

a substance that absorbs some wavelengths of light and reflects others, giving something its color

pigment

disc-shaped sacs in chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place

thylakoid

True/false *ATP is a portable form of energy "currency" inside cells.

true

True/false Most of the 3-carbon sugars formed during the *Calvin cycle are used to regenerate the 5- carbon compound that began the cycle

true

True/false- *Photosynthesis is a process that takes place in autotrophs

true

true/false * Carbon Dioxide* concentration is one of the environmental factors that affect photosynthesis.

true

true/false Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two *pyruvates.

true

true/false Plant cells use light energy to make ATP and *NADPH

true

true/false Plants get electrons to replace the excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules by splitting *water molecules.

true

true/false The reactions that "fix" carbon dioxide are sometimes called *dark reactions.

true

true/false Through the process of cellular respiration, cells make carbon in glucose into stable carbon dioxide and produce *energy

true

true/false all organisms need *energy to carry out life processes

true